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The article starts with various definitions of technology foresight from the literature and new definition is given by the authors. Prominent definitions of foresight are analyzed and given according to their different elements in the literature. By assessing the evolution of foresight as a term and its five generations through time, the foresight of sixth generation is set forth. Based on the literature analysis, foresight generations are grouped into four main categories. Foresight frameworks are analyzed and a generic foresight functional model with nine consecutive phases named 'FORESIGHT' is suggested. Functions in the FORESIGHT model are matched with the phases of main foresight frameworks in the literature based on their actions and artifacts within specific phases. It is like a guide for practitioners of which activities are carried out in foresight studies.

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Foresight is a methodical and comprehensive approach that prioritizes investment and research in order to shape the future and implement future strategies. Cybersecurity, one of the most important elements of Industry 4.0, is to protect information and communication systems against cyber attacks and to ensure the availability, confidentiality and integrity of these systems and the data therein. This study aims to make a theoretical and practical contribution to foresight and cybersecurity studies by summarizing the updated version of the methods and outputs used in the doctoral thesis titled “Technology Foresight and Modeling: Turkish Cybersecurity Foresight 2040”, conducted at Middle East Technical University (METU) in 2019. As a result of the study, Turkey's national cybersecurity technology foresight was given with different scenarios; Turkey's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in terms of cybersecurity were determined; a cybersecurity technology taxonomy which is officially accepted by the Presidency of Defense Industries was created; the cybersecurity status of the universities and companies in Turkey has been determined; and concrete policy recommendations based on foresight outputs have been put forward. The study is the most comprehensive cybersecurity foresight in Turkey in terms of topics covered and participants, which comprises nearly 150 experts from government, military, academia, and the private sector.