This paper presents the design of microstrip-ridge gap waveguide using via holes in PCBs, a solution for high frequency circuits. The study includes how to define the numerical ports, pin sensitivity, losses, and also a comparison with performance of normal microstrip line and inverted microstrip lines. The results are produced using commercially available EM simulators. A WR-15 to microstrip-ridge gap waveguide transition was also designed. The results are verified with measurements on microstrip-ridge gap waveguides with WR15 transitions at both ends.

No abstract

Abstract-This paper studies the resemblance between the ridge/groove gap waveguide and the conventional ridge/hollow waveguide, respectively, by using numerical analysis.Dispersion diagrams and characteristic impedances are comparatively analyzed. Direct transition from gap waveguide to conventional waveguide and thereafter the port definitions for gap waveguides are examined in detail. The results from this study are very useful for designing, simulating and measuring gap-waveguide components of different kind.

No abstract

This paper highlights the need of energy production in Pakistan and to determine the extent to which China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its energy projects will contribute to the economic growth and development of Pakistan. In this regard, a fair amount of literature has been reviewed. The literature review presented confirms that a positive relationship exists between the energy production, security and economic development. The long term friendship of Pakistan and China is discussed and how this tie has benefitted both the countries. Chinese cooperation and assistance with Pakistan is well evident from the substantial Chinese investment in Pakistan's infrastructural expansion particularly development of Pakistan's deep-water port at Gwadar. Under its One Belt One Road plan, China and Pakistan have collaboratively started a multibillion mega project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Under CPEC twenty-one energy projects being established, that is supposed to reduce the energy poverty generation in Pakistan. The study finds out that the sufficiency in energy sector will boost economy by energizing the industry and businesses as well as by creating thousands of direct and indirect employment opportunities.