Water has a vital role in the country's economic development, since most part of it is dry and desert. Whereas, water has been cheap and easy accessing, the authorities of the urban water distribution organizations have not paid so much attention to the decreasing of the unaccounted for water (U.F.W) as a solution for saving water, the decreasing of the cost of preparing water and the increasing of their efficiency or income. In recent years, the U.F.W has been paid attention because of the shortage of resources and the cost increasing of water preparation. Therefore, along with preparing water from new resources, the water wasting in different stages of transmission, refinement and distribution of water should be prevented as a long term programing. In this article, the effective elements in causing leak have been explained. The results show that the most leakage of water deals with the parameters such as pressure, quality, diameter and age of the pipes.

No abstract

No abstract

Huge amount of sulfur production as a side product in petrochemical industries and its low application in country has been a challenging issue. In this paper, application of sulfur as a partial substitute for bitumen in process of asphalt mixture production is investigated. According to the results, the characteristics of the sulfur extended asphalt in comparison with the conventional asphalt made from pure bitumen, and the impact of sulfur addition on asphalt performance are expressed and the optimized formula for making the asphalt mixture is obtained. In this content, the modified asphalt was produced in mass production scale and its performance was studied. In this paper, the method of sulfur addition to pure bitumen and then its mixture with aggregate and finally optimized condition of sulfur modified asphalt production regarding pollution and environmental issues are also proposed.

No abstract