ÖzetAMAÇ: Sigara icen bir kijinin sagliginin korunmasi için yapilmasi gereken en önemli |ey sigaranin birakilmasidir. Bu çali §mada; Abstract sigara birakma programma alman hastalarda sigarayi birakmada etkili olan faktörlerin ve uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerinin etkisini degerlendirmeyi planladik. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER:Sigara birakma poliklinigine baçvuran 400 olgu retroprospektif olarak çaliçmaya aimdi. Olgularm 3. ay sonu tedavi sonuçlarmm degerlendirilmesi planlandi. Olgularm demografik özellikleri, sigara içme davrani § ve tutumlari, Fagerstrom bagimiilik dereceleri, ejlik eden medikal ya da psikiyatrik hastaliklari, kullandiklari ilaçlar kaydedildi. Sigarayi birakan ve birakamayan olgular, özellikleri ve aldiklari tedaviler yönünden karjilaçtirildi.BULGULAR: Tüm grupta sigarayi birakma orani %36,5 bulundu. Sigarayi birakan olgularm ya § ortalamalari hafif derecede daha yüksekti (p<0,05). Diger demografik veriler benzerdi. Birakamayan grupta gunde içilen sigara sayisi daha fazlaydi (p<0,05). Olgularm %30,5'ine davranijsal egitim (DE), %14,5'ine DE-i-Nikotin Replasman Tedavisi (NRT), %2Tine DE-i-bupropion, %34'üne DE-t-vareniklin ba §lanmi|ti. Birakma oranlari sirasiyla; %18,9, %36,2, %39,3, %50,7 idi. Tedavi gruplari arasinda sigarayi birakma oranlari aniamli olarak farkliydi (p<0,001). Ayrica tedavi süreleri uzadikça birakma oranlarmm da arttigi görüldü. SONUÇ:Sigaranin birakilmasi zor ve zaman alan bir sureçtir. Bu sürecte tüm sigara icen ki §ilere yeterli davranijsal egitimin yaninda kontrendike olmayan etkinligi kanitlanmij bireye uygun farmakolojik destek tedavisi verilmelidir. Çalijmamizda da görüldügü gibi uygun tedavinin yeterli sürede verilmesi bajan oranini artiracaktir.ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER: Sigara birakma, davraniçsal egitim, nikotin replasman tedavisi (NRT), bupropion, varenikiin Geü? Tarihi/

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is highly accurate in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathies of lung cancer and benign disorders. However, the utility of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphomas is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in patients with suspected lymphoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight patients with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy and suspected of lymphoma were included in the study. EBUS-TBNA was performed on outpatients under moderate sedation. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were calculated. Results: Sixty-four patients were diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA, but four patients with non-diagnostic EBUS-TBNA required surgical procedures. Thirty-five (51.5%) patients had sarcoidosis, six (8.8%) had reactive lymphadenopathy, nine (13.3%) had tuberculosis, one (1.5%) had squamous cell carcinoma, two (2.9%) had sarcoma and fifteen (22%) had lymphoma (follicular center cell, large B-cell primary, and Hodgkin lymphomas in three, two, and ten, respectively). Of the 15 lymphoma patients, thirteen were diagnosed by EBUS and two by thoracotomy and mediastinoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of lymphoma were calculated as 86.7%, 100%, 96.4%, and 97%, respectively. Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA can be employed in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma, instead of more invasive surgical procedures.

IntroductionLittle is known about whether there is any sex effect on chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) exacerbations. This study is intended to describe the possible sex-associated differences in exacerbation profile in COPD patients.MethodsA total of 384 COPD patients who were hospitalized due to exacerbation were evaluated retrospectively for their demographics and previous and current exacerbation characteristics.ResultsThe study was conducted on 109 (28%) female patients and 275 (72%) male patients. The mean age was 68.30±10.46 years. Although females had better forced expiratory volume in 1 second and near-normal forced vital capacity, they had much impaired arterial blood gas levels (partial oxygen pressure [PO2] was 36.28 mmHg vs 57.93 mmHg; partial carbon dioxide pressure [PCO2] was 45.97 mmHg vs 42.49 mmHg; P=0.001), indicating severe exacerbation with respiratory failure. More females had two exacerbations and two hospitalizations, while more men had one exacerbation and one hospitalization. Low adherence to treatment and pulmonary embolism were more frequent in females. Females had longer time from the onset of symptoms till the admission and longer hospitalization duration than males. Comorbidities were less in number and different in women (P<0.05). Women were undertreated and using more oral corticosteroids.ConclusionCurrent data showed that female COPD patients might be more prone to have severe exacerbations, a higher number of hospitalizations, and prolonged length of stay for hospitalization. They have a different comorbidity profile and might be undertreated for COPD.

As a result, the use of M. tuberculosis PCR in the EBUS-TBNA specimens provides a rapid and an accurate diagnosis of TB. Therefore, we recommend the use of M. tuberculosis PCR in the EBUS-TBNA specimens as a rapid diagnostic method for mediastinal lymphadenopathies in patients with suspected TB.

In conclusion it was shown that hs-CRP is related with asthma severity and ACT, and hs-CRP is a potential sensitive marker which reveals the severity and the control of asthma.