Özet: Bu çalışmada, beslenme, tıbbi tedavi ve kozmetik endüstrisinde kullanımı söz konusu olan 6 çeşit bitkisel yağın Daphnia magna akut hareketsizlik testi ile etkili konsantrasyoları (EC50) belirlenmiştir. Toksisite testlerinde Biberiye, Okaliptüs, Üzüm Çekirdeği, Kekik, Çay Ağacı, Buğday özü yağları test maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Tüm yağların etki konsantrasyonları karşılaştırıldığında (EC50) Kekik yağının diğerlerine göre daha toksik olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Uçucu yağlar, Akut toksisite, Daphnia magna, Hareketsizlik testi. Abstract:In this study, effective concentrations (EC50) of six natural essential oils as Rosemary, Eucalyptus, Grape Seed, Thyme, Tea Tree, Wheat Germ Oil. This oils are used in supplement in diet, medical treatments and cosmetics industries. In this study, the aquatic toxicity of the oils were examined by using Daphnia magna acute immobilization test. According to the toxicity tests results, Thyme Oil were found to be more toxic among the other oils when comparing the EC50 values.
Gölcük Lake (Bozdağ-İzmir) is polluted by the touristic activities and agricultural and domestic sources. Gölcük Lake also adversely impacts human health as the lake water is used for irrigation in agriculture, and the fish caught from the lake is used for nutrition by the community around it. For this purpose, "OECD 201 Algal Growth Inhibition Test", the standard test protocol was evaluated with cultures of green algae Desmodesmus dimorphus as the representative of the first trophic level. This test was used to assess the toxicity of sediment samples collected from five sampling sites in Gölcük Lake. Extracts of sediment samples were assayed in four different concentrations (20, 40, 100, and 200 mg/ml). The effects on the growth of D. dimorphus were examined by scoring cell numbers under the light microscope with a Neubauer haemocytometer counting chamber. According to the results, all extracts, except those from Station 3, inhibited growth of D. dimorphus in increasing concentrations of sediment samples, and inhibition was observed in the following order of stations: 2>5>4>1. Additionally, an increase in the number of algae (hormesis) was observed in the Station 3, depending on time and concentrations. Keywords: Algal Growth Inhibition Test, Pollution, Freshwater, Gölcük LakeÖz: Gölcük Gölü (Bozdağ-İzmir) turizm aktiviteleri, evsel ve tarımsal kaynaklar nedeniyle kirlenmektedir. Gölcük Gölü'nün suyu tarımda sulama amaçlı kullanılmakta ve gölden beslenme amacıyla balık avlandığı için göl suyu, civarındaki halkın sağlığını da olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu amaçla, "OECD 201 Algal Büyüme İnhibisyon Testi" kısa zamanlı phytotoxicity test yöntemi için standart bir test protokolüdür ve yeşil alglerden olan Desmodesmus dimorphus kültürü birinci trofik seviye temsilcisi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu test, gölden daha önceden belirlenmiş 5 örnekleme yerinden toplanan sediment örneklerinin toksisitesini değerlendirmek için kullanıldı. Sediment örneklerinin ekstraktları dört farklı konsantrasyonda (20, 40, 100 ve 200 mg/ml) test edildiler. Desmodesmus dimorphus'un büyümesi üzerindeki etkiler, sayma kamarası Neubauer hemositometre ile ışık mikroskopu altında hücre sayımı yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, 3 numaralı istasyon dışında tüm sediment ekstraktları artan konsantrasyona bağlı olarak Desmodesmus dimorphus büyümesini engellemiştir ve bu istasyonlar sırasıyla 2>5>4>1 nolu istasyonlardır. Ayrıca 3 nolu istasyonda zamana ve konsantrasyona bağlı olarak alg sayısında artış (hormesis) gözlenmiştir.
Our environment has been affected by increasing level of discharged organic and inorganic pollutants from anthropogenic sources. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are one of the important sources of pollution and they are major risks for the aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of PFOS on GST enzyme activities in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). For this purpose, mussels were exposed to six different PFOS concentrations and the effects were evaluated. PFOS has been caused to a statistically significant increase in GST activity in hepatopancreas in all experimental groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, it has been approved that GST which is a defense mechanism of organisms, can be a very useful tool to detect the toxic effects of pollutants.
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