It can be concluded that these two devices showed similar performances. They were time-saving and standardized techniques, especially for reducing preanalytical errors such as the study time, centrifugation, and specimen volume for sedimentary analysis; however, the automated systems are still inadequate for classifying the cells that are present in pathological urine specimens.

CTTH and ETTH patients had an elevated serum IL-6 level compared with controls. Therefore, we believe that IL-6 may be involved in pain induction or inflammatory mechanisms in TTH. Furthermore studies of the possible connection between chronicity of headaches and cytokine levels are needed.

SUMMARY Adenosine deaminase activity was determined in paired samples of serum and synovial fluid taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n=12), reactive arthritis (n=13), and osteoarthritis (n=7), and the value of this investigation in the diagnosis of synovial swellings was assessed. Increased activity was found in the synovial fluid taken from patients with rheumatoid disease and reactive arthritis, though values were less raised in the latter. Synovial fluid taken from patients with osteoarthritis did not show significantly raised adenosine deaminase activity as compared with that of normal controls (n=3).Key words: rheumatoid effusions.Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is one of the main enzymes of the purine metabolic pathway, catalysing the deamination of adenosine to inosine and deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine. During inflammatory reactions the enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid, and in serous effusions of differing pathology the levels of ADA activity increase considerably. This increase has been shown to correlate with the number of nucleated cells, particularly T lymphocytes and macrophages, present in the effusions.i 2 It has also been shown that pleural effusions due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Objective:The aim of this study was to elucidate the etiology and treatment of primary ovarian insufficiency, which is of unknown cause in 95% of the cases.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients aged 18-40 years who presented to Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology between June 2012 and January 2014 and were diagnosed as having primary ovarian insufficiency based on their clinical and endocrinologic data, and 30 healthy controls were included in this study.Results:No significant differences were found between patients with primary ovarian insufficiency and control subjects in demographic data and lipid profile levels, thyroid- stimulating hormone, prolactin, and glucose. However, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency than in control subjects. In the correlation analysis, follicle-stimulating hormone exhibited a positive correlation with total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r=0.573** p<0.001, r=0.584** p<0.001, r=0.541 p<0.001, respectively) and correlated negatively with total antioxidant status (r=-0.437** p<0.001).Conclusion:The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index levels are elevated in primary ovarian insufficiency. Therefore, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory treatment might be administered to patients in the early stage of primary ovarian insufficiency. However, larger studies are needed to clarify whether these elevated levels are a cause or a consequence of primary ovarian insufficiency.

Amaç: Mezenter iskemi/reperfüzyon hasar›; sistemik yan›t› uyar›r ve akci¤er, karaci¤er ve böbrek gibi uzak organlar› da etkileyen zararl› maddelerin a盤a ç›kmas›na neden olur. Bu çal›flmada curcuminin mezenter iskemi/reperfüzyon hasar› ve iliflkili intestinal