Ulaşım ve iletişim araçlarının gelişmesiyle insanlar vakitlerini hem köylerinde hem de kentte geçirme imkânı bulmuştur. Birçok bölgede, insanlar köyün ve kentin sosyo-ekonomik avantajlarını birleştirerek refah seviyelerini artırma çabasındadır. Araştırmanın amacı, köy ve kentin fırsatlarını birlikte değerlendirenlerin refah seviyelerinde olumlu gelişmeleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada etnografik yöntemin katılımcı gözlem ve mülakat teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada köyden kente göç etmiş ancak köyle bağlarını koparmamış aileler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Erzurum’un Oltu ilçesinin Sivridere mevkiinde bulunan köyler oluşturmaktadır. Bu aileler on yıl gözlemlenmiş ve gerekli görüldüğünde aile bireyleriyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ailelerin kentin fırsatlarından olan gelir ve servetin değerlendirmesi, istihdam, daha yaşanabilir konut, sağlık ve eğitim, kamu kurumlarına yakınlık imkânlardan yararlandığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Diğer yandan köylerin avantajlarından yararlanama biçimi ise; boş zamanların değerlendirilmesi, alışılan akrabalık ve arkadaşlık ilişkileri, doğal, güvenli ve sakin yaşam gibi imkânlardır. Bu yeni yaşam biçimi ailelere köy ile kentin avantajlarını aynı anda yaşama imkânı vermesi açısından önemlidir.

People benefit from various animals and plants to meet their food needs and pass on their experiences in this direction from generation to generation. Villagers sometimes feed on animals and plants they grow, and sometimes on plants and animals that exist spontaneously in nature. The people living in the village have done various studies to prevent hunger and ensure food security by diversifying food and developing storage methods. In this research, the food diversity situation between 1878-1960 in the villages of Oltu, Olur, Tortum, Uzundere, Narman and Şenkaya districts of Erzurum province was revealed. It focuses on the efforts to prevent hunger, which the villagers implement in their self-sufficient lives, away from the products produced in the city. The researcher determined the forms of preventing hunger and providing food security by making participant observations and in-depth interviews over a period of approximately five years (2016-2021). As a result of the research, it has been determined that hunger is prevented and food security is ensured by raising various animals and products, storing them, expanding agricultural lands, making use of edible weeds and wild animals, using water effectively, assuming social responsibilities, providing food for the disadvantaged and getting rid of dependence on others. On the other hand, solidarity and sharing are very important for the village community.

The paper aims to examine, in terms of gender, the needs determining the division of labor and subsequently to discuss common working areas as the result of this division of labor. The research developed based on the working life and gender roles of the villagers living in Sivri Dere, Oltu district. The ethnographic method and observation were used as data collection tools. The research determined places mostly used as common areas and their uses according to gender. Thus, women mostly use dairies, tandoori, ovens, houses, fountains and springs as common working areas. On the other hand, men mostly use flooded places, adjacent areas of the mosque, road joints, pastures, forests, cattle pen, shelters, sheepfolds, crossroads, water channels and mills as common working areas. Trashing areas, on the other hand, are used by both women and men as a collaborative working area.

This article was checked by Turnitin.1334 styles, division of labor and cooperation between men and women were observed and information on the traditional period was collected. At the same time, interviews were conducted with the people of the region. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that men dominate in some jobs and women dominate in some jobs from planting to table. The findings that emerged do not describe the present day, but roughly describe the traditional village business life from the post-Republican era to the 1970s. It has been determined that men work in making the field ready for planting, planting seeds, irrigating the field, collecting the straw in the field, bringing it to the threshing, threshing and grinding the wheat in the mill. It has been observed that women work in harvesting and harvesting the crops, washing and drying the wheat, making dough and baking the bread.