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Abstract. The addition of nano-SiO 2 to 20% silane coupling agent is carried out using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent in the presence of acetic acid. The styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) is added with 1% dicumyl peroxide crosslinking agent by adding 5% maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene to be modified on an extruder. Polystyrene/nano-SiO 2 composites are prepared by blending nano-SiO 2 and SBS in different proportions with waste polystyrene. Three mechanical properties of the newly prepared materials are tested, including the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. The results show that the composite properties of polystyrene/nano-SiO 2 composites containing 8% nano-SiO 2 are the best. The microstructures and physicochemical structures of the composites were further studied by means of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The results reveal that the tensile, impact and bending properties of 8% nano-SiO 2 composites are improved best, and at the same time, the proportion of the prepared composite structure is stable. The preparation method of the composite material is simple and easy to operate, and has certain industrial application prospect.