The marine sponges and species, both of which are known to produce secondary bioactive metabolites, were used to extract 1304KO-327 and 1304KO-328. Such secondary metabolites are potentially antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antifungal, and antiplasmodial. In the present study, the effects of 1304KO-327 and 1304KO-328 were studied for their clinical and pathological importance. The cytotoxicity of 1304KO-327 and 1304KO-328 was assessed via MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on HT-29, Caco-2, and Raw 264.7 cells. Rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells were used to prove the antiviral effects of the marine sponge extracts. The test results cogently proved that the virus-inhibiting effects of the sponge extracts improved with extract concentration. Anti-inflammatory effects of the marine sponge extracts were tested on Lipopolysaccharide-treated Raw 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide and cytokine were produced by treatment of the cells with LPS and the inhibiting effects of the sponge extracts on IL-1β formation were investigated. This study found that the NO production was decreased dose dependently, and IL-1β formation was significantly reduced by the marine sponge extracts.

Five kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives were synthesized and their chemoprotective activities examined in rats exposed to aflatoxin B1-toxicant. Rats were pretreated with five allylthiopyridazine derivatives at daily oral doses of 50 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, and during this period with one or three repeated doses of the potent hepatotoxin, aflatoxin B1. The hepatoprotective effects of the allylthiopyridazine derivatives against aflatoxin B1 (1 mg/kg, three times at intervals of 3 days, i.p., or at 3 mg/kg, once at final days, i.p.) administration were showed the significantly normal as compared with control in body and liver weights. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were markedly elevated after aflatoxin B1 administration, and pretreatment with allylthiopyridazine derivatives, before aflatoxin B1 administration, resulted in decreased levels of these enzymes. In addition, the allylthiopyridazine derivatives, K6 (3-methoxy-), K8 (3-chloro-), K16 (3-ethoxy-) and K17 (3-n-propoxy), induced elevated hepatic GSH levels. Four kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives investigated were effective against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity.

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Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis and dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Currently, rotavirus vaccines have shown good tolerance and significant efficacy. However, these vaccines are limits and restrictions. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. is reported the multiple potential health effects including blocking gastroenteric pathogens, enhancing the immune response and antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of 3 Lactobacillus spp. and 14 Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from healthy Korean against rotavirus. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of these probiotics against rotavirus by plaque assay. All of them were not toxic to vero and caco‐2 cells. B. longum SPM1205, 1206 and L. ruminis SPM 0211 have shown significant antiviral activity against rotavirus compared to control group. These results suggest that B. longum SPM1205, 1206 and L. ruminis SPM0211 are potential new therapeutic tool against rotavirus.