Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade adnexal neoplasm with predilection for the periorbital skin of older women. Histologically and immunophenotypically, EMPSGC is analogous to another neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation, solid papillary carcinoma of the breast. Both lesions are spatially associated with neuroendocrine mucinous adenocarcinomas of the skin and breast, respectively. EMPSGC is ostensibly a precursor of neuroendocrine-type mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma (MSC), a lesion of uncertain prognosis. Non-neuroendocrine MSC has been deemed locally aggressive with metastatic potential, and previous works speculated that EMPSGC-associated (neuroendocrine-type) MSC had similar recurrence and metastatic potential with implications for patient follow-up. Only 96 cases of EMPSGC have been reported (12 cases in the largest case series). Herein, we present 63 cases diagnosed as “EMPSGC” in comparison with aggregated results from known published EMPSGC cases. We aim to clarify the clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance of the neuroendocrine differentiation of EMPSGC and its associated adenocarcinoma and to determine the nosological relevance of EMPSGC association in the spectrum of MSC histopathogenesis. Results established an overall female predominance (66.7%) and average presenting age of 64 years. EMPSGC lesions were associated with adjacent MSC in 33.3% of cases. The recurrence rate for neuroendocrine-type MSC was ~21%, less than the reported 30% for non-neuroendocrine MSC. There were no cases of metastasis. EMPSGC and neuroendocrine-type MSC are distinct entities with more indolent behavior than previously reported, supporting a favorable prognosis for patients.

In the optic tectum Cajal's method I1 for neurofibrils reveals two major fiber systems in which the fibers are oriented perpendicular to one another. The outer fiber system, composed of seven laminae, lies in the superficial zone with its fibers oriented in the anteroventral to posterodorsal direction; Golgi preparations show that optic tract fibers enter the outer system laminae at the tectal margin, run within single laminae, and end in arborizations that are elongated i n the dominant fiber direction. The intermediate fiber system is composed of bundles of fibers in lamina 7 of Ramon and the superficial zone; its fibers are oriented in the anterodorsal to posteroventral direction. A third deep fiber system, forms fibrous laminae in the region between lamina 7 and the ependyma.In Golgi impregnations the deep cells are of two major classes: pyramidal cells with relatively narrow dendritic arbors in the superficial zone and candelabra cells with broad arbors. Many pyainidal cell dendrites have lamellar branching patterns such that terminal bushes occur within one or another of the outer system laminae. The multipolar cells within lamina 6 and lamina 7 of Ram6n send large, unbranched axons directly into the deep medullary lamina and appear to be the major efferent neurons. Near the pia the perikarya of superficial granule cells give rise to single processes that branch repeatedly within the superficial zone.The majority of the studies describing the normal structure of the anuran optic tectum have been based on Golgi preparations. Only the brief descriptions of cytoarchitecture by Ariens Kappers and Hammer ('18) and Huber and Crosby ('33) were primarily dependent upon other techniques. Since the original extensive description of Golgi impregnations of the frog optic tectum was given by Ram6n (1894), several reports based on similar preparations have appeared (Rubaschkin, '03; Rambn y Cajal, '04; Larsell, '31; Kiro, '48; Leghissa, '62; Lazar and Szekely, '67). Although the reports agree in recognizing the presence of the major cellular laminae and the radially oriented dendritic trunks of most tectal cells, the various studies do not present uniform descriptions of the forms and dispositions of the dendritic arborizations and of the axons of tectal cells. None of the studies deal specifically with the orderly distribution and orientation of fibers within the tectum. These properties are of current interest as the result of recent experimental studies of the J. COMP. NEUR., 136: 203-232. retinotectal projection system. Gaze ('58) demonstrated electrophysiologically that the retinal projection to the tectum is topically organized in a "point-to-point" fashion. The capacity of the retinal fibers to form this retinotopic projection during their regeneration following optic nerve section (Gaze and Jacobson, '63a) as well as during their development (Jacobson, '68) has been studied. In addition to the problems related to the organized distribution of retinotectal fibers across the tectum, the internal organizat...

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Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in DREAMM-2 (NCT03525678). Corneal events, specifically keratopathy (including superficial punctate keratopathy and/or microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs), eye examination findings with/without symptoms), were common, consistent with reports from other antibody–drug conjugates. Given the novel nature of corneal events in RRMM management, guidelines are required for their prompt identification and appropriate management. Eye examination findings from DREAMM-2 and insights from hematology/oncology investigators and ophthalmologists, including corneal specialists, were collated and used to develop corneal event management guidelines. The following recommendations were formulated: close collaboration among hematologist/oncologists and eye care professionals is needed, in part, to provide optimal care in relation to the belamaf benefit–risk profile. Patients receiving belamaf should undergo eye examinations before and during every treatment cycle and promptly upon worsening of symptoms. Severity of corneal events should be determined based on corneal examination findings and changes in best-corrected visual acuity. Treatment decisions, including dose modifications, should be based on the most severe finding present. These guidelines are recommended for the assessment and management of belamaf-associated ocular events to help mitigate ocular risk and enable patients to continue to experience a clinical benefit with belamaf.

In the optic tectum of Rana catesbeiana four laminae of myelinated fibers in the superficial zone of the optic tectum (laminae B, D, F, and G: Potter, '69) are identified as retinal axons on evidence from patterns of degeneration following contralateral eye removal. After survival times of 5 to 22 days Cajal's block method I1 shows either fragmentation or abnormal beading of the axons in the four laminae and the paraffin-Nauta method shows coarse granules, representing axonal debris, in these laminae.