Arab-Islamic geography entered a new phase characterized by originality and prosperity after it moved away from being influenced by Greek geographical ideas since the third century AH / ninth century AD. Its specialties, especially with regard to the lands of Islam, as Arab and Muslim geographers during the third century AH provided clear services in their files that had the greatest credit for the development of geography, as they relied in their studies on personal observation, question and investigation, as most of them were scientific travelers who traveled the country To collect scientific material for the purpose of writing and writing and to record the results of their experiments, experiences and observations in their intellectual or philosophy books .

Geography is one of the oldest sciences known to man on the surface of the earth. There were writings of a geographical nature about three thousand years ago, and geography from that time until the present time continues to develop without interruption in any period.From the periods of history, and that geographical thought in its current form is the product of human civilizations, ancient and modern, and that geographical thought passed through its history in different stages with each stage becoming more mature and enriched in thought. And Persia, geography emerged as a science in the era of the Greeks and flourished in the Middle Ages within the framework of Islamic civilization, as it is no secret to anyone the role that Arabs and Muslims played in this field at a time when Europe was living in the era of darkness, and in our time, geography, like other sciences, has benefited from developments What is happening in the world, as scientific and technical progress, especially in the field of geographic information systems, remote sensing and other technologies, has been reflected in the science of geography, thanks to which the study of geography and its research methods has advanced and its information has multiplied .

Image segmentation, often based on the properties of image pixels, is a widely used method in digital image processing and analysis to divide an image into multiple parts or areas. The main goal of image segmentation is to simplify the image for easier analysis. It would be very difficult to implement computer vision without performing image segmentation. An important component of computer vision is image segmentation, which has numerous commercial applications. Google and others Image-based search engines use image segmentation algorithms to identify the objects in your image and match their results to the relevant images they find to present you with search results.