Pelvic floor-muscle training improves pelvic floor-muscle function, and starting after the puerperal period, exercise appears to have positive effects on female sexual function.

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ÖZETAmaç: Bu araştırma Türkiye'de kadına ilişkin "namus" algısına yönelik üniversite son sınıf öğrenci tutumlarını ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:Kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışma 1 Mart-31 Mayıs 2008 tarihleri arasında Ankara ilinde bulunan sekiz üniversitede öğ-renim gören ve çalışmayı kabul eden 1167 kişi (%5.17) ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma verileri, öğrencilerin tanıtıcı özelliklerini içeren Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı Tutum Ölçeği" (KİNATÖ) ile toplanmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada, öğrencilerin genelinin özellikle erkek öğrenci-lerin evlilik öncesi kadının cinsellik yaşamasına karşı oldukları ve cinsellik yaşanmadıkça flört etmeyi onayladıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğren-cilerin kadına ilişkin namus anlayışına yönelik tutumlarını cinsiyet, mezun oldukları lisenin türü ve anne-babanın eğitim durumu gibi üç önemli faktörün etkilediği saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerinin erkek öğ-rencilere, diğer tip (özel, anadolu, fen, düz) lise mezunu öğrencileri-nin imam hatip lisesi mezunu öğrencilerine ve anne-babanın eğitim durumu yüksek olan öğrencilerin anne-babasının eğitim durumu düşük olan öğrencilerine göre kadına ilişkin "namus" algısına yönelik tutum puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları namus kavramının kadınlar için evlilik ön-cesi ve evlilik dışı cinsel ilişkinin olmaması anlamına geldiği, özellikle erkek öğrenciler arasında bekâretin büyük önem taşıdığını göster-mektedir. Ayrıca bulgular öğrencilerin tutumlarının oluşmasında, üniversite eğitiminden çok ailenin ve toplumun "namus kültürünün" kritik rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. Conclusion:These findings suggest that, in the case of women, the concept of "honor" is perceived as almost synonymous with abstinence from premarital and extramarital sexual activity, and that especially male students attach great importance to virginity. The findings also lead us to believe that the formation of such attitudes among students may be more directly linked to the established cultural conceptions around "honor" which are prevalent in their families and the society, rather than to the process of university education.

Perioperative communication failures endanger patient safety and may reduce efficiency. The objective of our phenomenological research study was to determine the reasons for and consequences of perioperative communication failures and to seek recommendations for improvement. Fourteen perioperative nurses participated in this study. We conducted in-depth interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire following Colaizzi's seven-step methodology to extract themes. We organized the themes into categories: causes, consequences, and recommendations for preventing communication failure. Some themes for causes were inadequate time for preoperative preparation, lack of personnel, and disruptive behaviors of physicians. Consequences of communication failure were decreased staff retention, avoidance of colleagues, threats to patient safety, and intra-team violence. Two recommendations included enforcing institutional regulations and creating team spirit. The study revealed that nurses believe that institutional regulations should not only be present but enforced. Further, nurses believe that strengthening employees' interpersonal skills is essential to preventing communication issues.care, caused perioperative communication to fail. Apker et al 29 determined that inadequate staffing caused setbacks in verbal communication, which threatened patient safety. It is repeatedly pointed out in the literature that staffing deficits and excessive workload pose a risk to patient safety and are generally identified as systemic problems. [30][31][32] In this study, nurses indicated that some of the causes of communication problems are related to the perioperative environment, which is consistent with the related literature. 5,11,17,33,34 The stress caused by the physical environment of ORs, which can be caused by standing for long periods of time, working in an enclosed and noisy environment, exposure to radiation, shift work, after-hours work for emergencies, prolonged operations, and delayed breaks, can result in tension among staff members and hindered communication. McMullan et al 33 found that during hand overs, interruption by other team members, questions irrelevant to the subject, and noise were the external factors that disturb communication. Cvetic 11 stated that perioperative care is known for frequently encountered communication failure because of its rapid and dynamic structure. Nagpal et al 5 reported that a stressful work environment and inadequate support lead to frequent turnover of health care workers (ie, surgeons, anesthesia providers, and nurses), which causes environment-related communication problems. Clayton et al 17 underlined that effective communication is vital in perioperative environments because the perioperative environment is stressful, technically complex, and has an intense hierarchy. Davies 34 also pointed out the necessity of a culture of effective communication in perioperative care. Clayton et al 17 defined the constituents of effective communication as effective listening, clear and understandab...