The nonlinear absorption in nanostructured Ni-Ti alloys, fabricated by electrochemical deposition, was investigated at 532 and 1064 nm. The type of nonlinear absorption (saturable or reverse saturable absorption) was observed to depend on the laser intensity as well as on the nanoparticle size. The nanostructured Ni-Ti alloys comprising particle mean diameters of 20 and 30 nm exhibited large three-photon absorption (3PA coefficient approximately 10(6) cm(3)/GW(2)) and large two-photon absorption (2PA coefficient approximately 10(5) cm/GW) at 532 nm, respectively. The observed change over from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption at high peak intensities has qualitatively been analyzed by the excited-state theory of conduction electrons.

BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function) has been used in order to predict exact optical characteristic of BLU (Backlight Unit). BSDF implies real scattering characteristics, and measured using test equipment of Goniometer type and compared simulation results with measuring data. Simulation was performed for direct-type LED BLU and CCFL BLU by applying BSDF for diffuser sheet, diffuser plate, and reflector. Accuracy of total flux and luminance, viewing angle, image, etc. was increased and simulation result was obtained in a short time using BSDF assuming multiple sheets as one sheet.