Clonidine activates the α2-adrenergic receptors in the brain and spinal cord to decrease sympathetic outfl ow, causing sedation, analgesia, hypotension, and bradycardia without signifi cant respiratory depression. It is well-absorbed after ABSTRACT Background: Airway instrumentation of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are noxious stimuli that should be attenuated by appropriate premedication, smooth induction, and rapid intubation. The present study evaluated the clinical effi cacy of oral premedication with pregabalin or clonidine for attenuation of hemodynamic pressure response of airway instrumentation. The objective was to fi nd out the effi cacy of pregabalin and clonidine as an oral premedication and to observe hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy. Methods: A total of 100 healthy patients aged 30-70 years with American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status I and II of both gender, who met the inclusion criteria of general anesthesia, were randomly received pregabalin (150 mg) Group I or clonidine (100 μg) Group II, 60-70 mins before surgery as an oral premedication. Both groups were compared to pre-operative sedation, anxiety, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline, after premedication, induction, laryngoscopy, and extubation. Intraoperative analgesic drug requirement and any post-operative complication were recorded. Results: Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were observed in 4% case in the clonidine group. Pre-operative sedation level was higher in the pregabalin group as compared to clonidine group. p>0.05 which shows there is no difference in both the drugs in terms of control of HR and MAP perioperatively. Both drugs are equally good to maintain hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy. None of the patients has suffered from any post-operative side effects. Conclusion: Hemodynamic pressure response of airway instrumentation was attenuated with pregabalin and clonidine oral premedication without prolongation of recovery time and side effects.

Background: The prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is very high in tribal castes of India. Moreover, it is also an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many tribal castes in India. The tribal students of medical college, as they are the candidates from those castes in whom hemoglobinopathies are common, can play an influential role in their own family and own society and play a key role to increase social awareness. Objective: To find out the prevalence of various hemoglobinopathies in healthy tribal medical students. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Three milliliters of blood was collected in from each participant and processed for various investigations such as complete blood count, solubility test for detection of HbS (dithionite tube turbidity test), electrophoresis, HPLC, and methemoglobin reduction test. Result: A total of 17 participants were found with different types of hemoglobinopathies among 77 participants. Sickle cell trait was the most common (15) among the participants. One participant revealed sickle cell disease, and one showed beta thalassemia trait. Nearly 41% of all hemoglobinopathies was seen in female participants from Dhodiya Patel caste. Conclusion: Sickle cell trait is the most common among hemoglobinopathies in tribal medical students and commonly seen in the participants of Dhodiya Patel caste. Moreover, students from other subcastes were affected by sickle cell trait.