This study reveals the protective effects of GE against β-amyloid-induced cell death, possibly through the enhancement of protein folding machinery of a representative protein, GRP78, and the regulation of CHOP in BV2 mouse microglial cells.

Objective. To evaluate hospital pharmacy preceptors' perceptions of preceptorship and to explore the factors that might influence their stress and satisfaction after joining the newly implemented six-year pharmacy program in South Korea. Methods.A nationwide, cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted for preceptors at hospital pharmacy practice sites in 2015, using a 47-item survey instrument.Results. Among 601 preceptors in 63 hospital pharmacies, 395 preceptors from 36 hospitals responded to the survey (response rate: preceptor 65.7%; site 57.1%). Preceptors reported a high stress and PAP Manuscript A J P E A c c e p t e d D r a f t moderate role satisfaction and likelihood of continuing preceptorship. Workload was a major cause of stress and a barrier for continuing preceptorship, whereas improvement of professional knowledge and performance ability was considered the most important benefit and motivation of preceptorship.Monetary rewards were the most valuable incentive. Extra work hours used for precepting was a significant positive covariate for stress, while willingness to engage in preceptorship was a negative covariate for stress and positive covariate for satisfaction. Self-perceived assessments of preceptors' competencies showed moderate performance and, following an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), passion for teaching students and professional role model was identified as items in need of improvement.Conclusion. This study investigated relevant issues associated with preceptors under new experiential education. The findings will help to enhance the quality of hospital pharmacy experiential education.

Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used for various skin conditions. Although safe when used appropriately, misuse and abuse of TCs could result in local and systemic side effects. [1][2][3] Reports of misuse and abuse resulting in serious adverse outcomes have been reported in India 4-7) and Africa 8) owing to the high availability of over-the-counter (OTC) TCs. 7,8) In South Korea, TCs with various potencies are available without a prescription. Additionally, there is an increasing global trend of self-medication, 9) and TCs are one of the most used therapeutics for self-medication against dermatological conditions. 10,11) Thus, it is important that the public have appropriate knowledge regarding the TCs.To our knowledge, no study has assessed the public awareness and knowledge of TCs at a national level. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the nationwide awareness and knowledge of TCs in South Korea and analyze the potential for misuse and abuse of TCs.

A double maintenance dose of clopidogrel at 150 mg daily was associated with a reduction in adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in South Korean patients who previously exhibited clopidogrel resistance.