Key Points Question Is cognitive decline associated with amyloid-β or tau tangles accumulation? Findings In this cohort study that included 60 normal older adults with repeated positron emission tomography measures, the rate of tau accumulation in the inferior temporal neocortex was associated with the rate of cognitive decline. Amyloid accumulation was associated with subsequent tau accumulation, and this sequence of successive amyloid and tau changes in neocortex was found to mediate the association of initial amyloid with final cognition, measured 7 years later. Meaning Amyloid positron emission tomography is useful to detect early Alzheimer pathology; repeated tau positron emission tomography is useful to track disease progression.

Annealing and heat-moisture treatment are two hydrothermal treatments that modify the physicochemical properties of starch, without destroying granular structure. They involve incubation of starch granules in excess water/intermediate water content (annealing) or at low moisture levels (heat-moisture treatment) during a certain period of time, at a temperature above the glass transition temperaturr but below the gelatinization temperature. The impact of hydrothermal treatments on starch physicochemical properties is extensively discussed. Such physicochemical properties include granule morphology and crystallinity, double-helix content, amount and appearance of amylose-lipid complexes, gelatinization and pasting, swelling power and solubility, gel properties, and susceptibilities to acid and enzymic hydrolysis. Finally, the major differences between the effects of annealing and heat-moisture treatment are pointed out and an overview is given of possible explanations for the observed effects of hydrothermal treatments.