This study highlights the value of correcting presbyopia from the community perspective and the necessity of providing affordable, quality, and accessible near spectacles at the primary health level.

While more invasive methods such as indocyanine green (ICG) angiography remain the gold standard for detecting abnormalities of the choroidal vasculature in normal eyes and disease states, EDI-OCT has become an important adjunctive clinical tool in providing three-dimensional anatomical information of the choroid.

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Purpose To describe the intraretinal microstructure using serial spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) preceding and following pars plana vitrectomy and delamination of fibrovascular membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods This retrospective, interventional case series includes 28 eyes. Outcome measures included LogMAR distance bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), SD-OCT integrity of photoreceptor inner and outer segments junction (IS/OS), and integrity of external limiting membrane (ELM). Results Pre-operative central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly correlated with the final post-operative LogMAR BCVA (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.89; P = 0.001). The eyes were categorised into three groups based on post-operative IS/OS integrity (group 0: IS/OS intact; group 1: IS/OS irregular but not completely disrupted; group 2: IS/OS completely disrupted). Mean BCVA improved significantly in group 0 (n = 9) from 1.13 ± 0.75 preoperatively to 0.34 ± 0.21 (Student's t-test: P = 0.06), in group 1 (n = 10) the BCVA improved from 0.88 ± 0.56 to 0.58 ± 0.31 (Student's t-test: P = 0.053) and in group 2 (n = 9) the BCVA improved from 1.64 ± 0.53 to 1.53 ± 0.75 (Student's t-test: P = 0.652). IS/OS integrity and ELM integrity at 3 months post operatively, were significantly and positively correlated with final BCVA (Pearson's coefficient: r = 0.83, Po0.001 and r = 0.72, Po0.001, respectively). Conclusions Pre-operative CMT and postoperative disruption of the IS/OS and ELM are useful prognostic indicators in fibrovascular delamination surgery for patients with PDR.