A new triterpene saponin, named as 23-hydroxy-3α (9), was isolated from the leaves of Bauhinia variegata Linn. In addition, six fl avonoid compounds along with two cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated and identifi ed based on their chromatographic properties, and chemical and spectral data (ESI-high resolution-MS n , 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, 1 H-1 H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC). Compound 9 was found to be nontoxic (LD 50 ) and to have signifi cant anti-infl ammatory and antinociceptive activities. It also showed a slight antischistosomal activity.

Abkürzungen: BG = Bestimmungsgrenze; BSA = Bundessortenamt; CTC = Chlortetracyclin; epi-CTC = 4-epi-Chlortetracyclin; e-keto-CTC = epi-keto-Chlortetracyclin; e-enol-CTC = epienol-Chlortetracyclin; DC = Doxycyclin; e-DC = 6-epi-Doxycyclin; DMC = Demeclocyclin; e-DMC = 4-epi-Demeclocyclin; EDTA = Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid; ESI = Electrospray Ionisation; FG = Frischgewicht; HPLC = High Performance Liquid Chromatography; iso-CTC = Isochlortetracyclin; e-iso-CTC = 4-epi-Isochlortetracyclin; LC-MS/MS = Flüssigchromatographie gekoppelt mit Tandem-Massenspektrometrie; FTICR-MS = Fourier Transform Ionencyclotron Resonanz-Massenspektrometrie; MeOH = Methanol; MS = Massenspektrometrie; MS 2 = Tandem-Massenspektrometrie; MUNLV = Ministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein Westfalen; n = Anzahl der Messwerte (HPLC-Injektionen pro Probe); NWG = Nachweisgrenze; OTC = Oxytetracyclin; e-OTC = 4-epi-Oxytetracyclin; PAD = Photodiodenarraydetektor; SPE = Solid Phase Extraction; SFD = Sulfadiazin; SRM = Selected Reaction Monitoring; TC = Tetracyclin; e-TC = 4-epi-Tetracyclin; TMP = Trimethoprim; TM = Trockenmasse; W = Wiederfindung.

Investigation on the transfer of pharmacologically active substances used in animal husbandry into leek and cabbage. The potential of leek and cabbage for uptake of highly prescribed veterinary drugs (antibiotics) was tested in hydroponically grown plants. For this purpose the antibiotics sulfadiazine (SFD), enrofloxacine (ENR), tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and monensine (MON) were chosen. A further aim was to gain data on the situation of vegetables grown in agricultural practise with regard to antibiotic residues. The evident effects of the antibiotics on plants grown hydroponically (each antibiotic was administered at 5 lmol/l nutrient solution) were greatly different: With regard to leek there were no visible effects (MON, SFD), a weak bleaching of the younger leaf sections (CTC), and strong effects of ENR. The (phytotoxic) effects of antibiotics on cabbage were much more distinct. CTC caused a yellowing of the plant vasculature in cabbage. MON induced lesions on some leaves and finally led to leaf wilting. With administration of ENR a nearly complete bleaching of young leaves was observed. Using LC-MS/MSmethods (low-resolution and high-resolution MS) the administered antibiotics, as well as conversion products and metabolites, were separately identified and quantified in various organs of leek (roots, young and old sections of leaves) and cabbage (roots, stalks, young and old leaves). Depending on the type of antibiotic, vegetable species, and plant organ, the detected concentrations of antibiotic residues comprised several orders of magnitude ranging from lg/kg to mg/kg of fresh weight (fw). The highest concentrations of antibiotics were found in roots of both vegetable species: CTC and TC were detected at approximately 10 mg/kg fw in cabbage roots and at approximately 20 mg/kg fw in leek roots and ENR was determined at approximately 12 mg/kg fw in cabbage roots. Low amounts of ENR were metabolised to ciprofloxacine (CIP). ENR occurred at similar concentrations of approximately 7 mg/kg fw in roots and old leaves of cabbage, indicating a high transport rate of this antibiotic in the cabbage plant. In stalks, young and old leaves of cabbage and in young and old leaf sections of leek all administered antibiotics were detected. Within these antibiotics, ENR and CTC and their conversion products, e. g. demeclocycline (DMC) and TC, occurred at the highest concentrations. SFD and MON were found in considerably lower concentrations (\100 lg/kg fw). The results of our experiments in hydroponic cultures, using defined concentrations of antibiotics in the nutrient solution, evidently demonstrate that

Three new acylated flavonol diglycosides that were characterized as quercetin 3- O-(6′”- O-E-isoferuloyl)-sophoroside (1), quercetin 3- O-(6′”- O-Z-isoferuloyl)-sophoroside (2) and quercetin 3- O-[2″- O-( E-6″′- O-isoferuloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), along with twelve known metabolites, have been isolated from the leaves of Cynanchum acutum L. The latter were identified as quercetin 3- O-β-D-neohesperidoside (4), rutin (5), quercetin 3- O-sophoroside (6), kaempferol 3- O-β-D-rutinoside (7), quercitrin (8), isoquercitrin (9), hyperin (10), guaijaverin (11), quercetin 7- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), quercetin (13), scopoletin (14) and ( E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propenoic acid (15). All metabolites have been isolated for the first time from the genus Cynanchum, except for 9 and 14. The structures were determined on the basis of chromatographic behavior, acid hydrolysis, chemical and physicochemical evidence (UV, HRESI-MS/MSn, 1H, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC). The chloroform extract and compounds 8 and 10 exhibited lethal effects towards brine shrimp, Artemia salina.