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HANS-MARTIN ST€ oNNER, Lurgi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Types of Gases; General Overview of Production Methods and CharacteristicsGases for industrial or heating uses can be classified in various ways. The most appropriate classification appears by calorific (heating) value ranges, in kJ/m 3 (STP):Water and producer gas 4600 -12 500 Synthesis and reduction gas ca. 12 500 Town gas and medium-Btu gas 16 700 -20 000 Biogas and landfill gas 18 000 -29 000 High-Btu gas and substitute natural gas (SNG)

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