This article is based in a large-scale comparative study on Spanish Media digitalization funded by the Open Society Media Program.1 It shows how digital technology impacts on media newsrooms; on journalist ethics and on how investigative journalism have shaped Spanish media and how it is mixed with media economic crisis. It details trends in news websites' and their audiences; how online media outlets have proliferated, how consolidated media groups lead internet news audience rankings, and how newly created digital online outlets suffer from a lack of resources and branding. Internet's role as the space for public expression and it's importance of Spanish digital mobilizations is as well analyzed. Our analysis suggests that social media in Spain do have the potential to achieve significant mobilization, but developing this potential will depend on the prior existence of 'offline' reasons for mobilization, on simple and visible public appeals, on viral reproduction, and on the amplification of protests by legacy media. Keywords: Media, Digital Media, Journalism, Digital Mobilizations and Social Networks Resumen. XxxxxxxxxxxxxEste artículo se basa en un estudio comparativo a gran escala sobre la digitalización de los medios de comunicación españoles, financiado por el Programa de Medios de la Open Society. Muestra cómo la tecnología digital impacta en las redacciones de los medios de comunicación y en la ética de los periodistas y de qué forma el periodismo de investigación ha dado forma a los medios de comunicación españoles y cómo se mezclan con la crisis económica los medios de comunicación. En él se detallan las tendencias en los sitios web de noticias y sus audiencias, cómo los medios de comunicación en línea han proliferado, cómo los grupos de medios de comunicación consolidados lideran el ranking de internet de noticias de la audiencia y cómo los puntos de venta digitales en línea de nueva creación sufren de una falta de recursos y de la marca. También se analiza el papel de internet como espacio de expresión pública y la importancia de las movilizaciones digitales españoles. Nuestro análisis sugiere que los medios sociales en España tienen el potencial de lograr una importante movilización, pero el desarrollo de este 1. The complete study is avaliable at: http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/ mapping-digital-media-spain Carles Llorens, Virginia Luzón, Helena P. Grau potencial dependerá de la previa existencia de razones offline para la movilización, en llamamientos públicos simples y visibles, en la reproducción viral, y en la amplificación de las protestas de los medios tradicionales de comunicación.
This article describes and analyses the regulatory frameworks and the current pluralism protection policies in the United States and several countries of the European Union (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain). The data obtained allowed a qualitative assessment to be carried out, through a comparative analysis, in order to identify certain similarities and some significant differences. Thus, it was found that pluralism protection is a common denominator in the communication policies of these countries. However, regulatory and legislative differences depend on social, geographical and media contexts, and time variations in the application of policies depend on audiovisual media market liberalisation processes.
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