The poor health and psychological well-being of people in the former socialist states of Centeral-Eastern Europe are of serious concern and may be related to low perceived control. We compared depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-rated health in 3,571 male and female university students from 5 Western European countries and 4,793 students from 5 Central-Eastern European countries. Depression scores (short Beck Depression Inventory; Beck & Beck, 1972) were higher in Central-Eastern than Western European samples. The prevalence of low life satisfaction was also greater in Central-Eastern Europeans, but ratings of self-rated health did not differ. Ratings of perceived control were diminished, but sense of mastery and internal health locus of control were higher in Central-Eastern Europe. Depression and low life satisfaction were associated with low perceived control and mastery and with strong beliefs in the influence of chance over health. However, taking these factors into account did not explain the East-West difference in depressive symptoms and low life satisfaction.

Artykuł jest próbą refleksji nad aktualnymi zadaniami psychologii klinicznej jako dziedziną nauki i praktyki. Zadania te wynikają ze stałych wymagań rozwoju poziomu naukowego tej dziedziny i rozwiązywania problemów związanych z intensywnymi przemianami społecznymi. Uwzględniono problematykę globalizacji i wynikające z niej dla psychologii klinicznej wyzwania, przedstawiając wybrane koncepcje globalizacji i wzorce reakcji na te przemiany. Uznano, że nurt praktyki opartej na dowodach empirycznych w psychologii jest odzwierciedleniem tych przemian w nauce i praktyce klinicznej. Omówiono pozytywny wpływ tego nurtu na podniesienie standardów praktyki diagnostycznej oraz efektywności psychoterapii, zwracając uwagę na niektóre negatywne konsekwencje uniwersalizacji, zwłaszcza te zagrażające podmiotowości człowieka. Podjęcie i realizowanie tych wyzwań wymaga ściślej współpracy badaczy i praktyków, co postulowano na I Krajowej Konferencji Psychologii Klinicznej w 2014 roku.Słowa kluczowe: teoria i praktyka psychologii klinicznej; globalizacja i kultura; evidence-based practice; nowe wyzwania dla diagnozy i terapii. WprowadzeniePoziom naukowy psychologii klinicznej jest uwarunkowany tworzeniem własnej teorii, przestrzeganiem założeń metodologicznych i prowadzeniem nowoczesnych badań. Wzajemne relacje między teorią a praktyką stanowią więc

The article is an attempt to reflect on the current tasks faced by clinical psychology as a field of science and practice. These tasks stem from the constant need to improve the scientific level of this discipline and to solve problems connected with intensive social changes.We have considered the issues of globalization and the challenges it implies for clinical psychology, presenting selected theories of globalization and the patterns of reaction to these changes. We see evidence-based practice in psychology as a reflection of these transformations in science and clinical practice. In the article, we discuss the positive influence of this approach on the improvement of assessment practice standards and psychotherapy effectiveness, drawing attention to some negative consequences of universalization, particularly those that threaten human agency. Addressing and responding to these challenges requires close cooperation of researchers and practitioners, which was called for at the 1st National Clinical Psychology Conference in 2014.Keywords: theory and practice of clinical psychology; globalization and culture; evidence-based practice; new challenges for assessment and therapy.

Research conducted to date has evidenced the importance of single resources for adaptation to illness. The aim of the presented study was to take into account many resources so as to determine their structure and the way of utilization in various patient groups. The Resourcefulness for Recovery Inventory (Celiński, Antoniazzi, 2001) measuring 18 personal and social resources was used for this purpose. Participants in the study were 115 patients (68 men, 47 women) suffering from cardiovascular or rheumatoid diseases, or from cancer. The patients were found to utilize cognitive, emotional and behavioral resources, as well as social support in their adaptation to illness. The highest level of resource utilization was found in the cardiac group, and the lowest -in cancer patients.