Interpretation subject is a novel approach to observing resources in the interpretation program. Interpretation programs refer to the efforts to develop an individual's ability to deeply interpret the value of nature for humans through meaningful and pleasant experiences, impressions, and feelings to achieve management goals. The viewpoint of interpretation subject considers the intrinsic value of each resource. These polarization studies provide valuable information on critical issues concerning stakeholder perception and their implications for managing interpretations. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of the interpretation subject that stakeholders thought were crucial in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park management. The survey was done by distributing questionnaires to related stakeholders (tourists, communities, and area managers/tour operators) and evaluated by cluster analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney test. Although the stakeholder considered flora, language, and abiotic components essential in interpretation, tourists' perception tended to focus on abiotic components and the built natural environment. The research showed that abiotic and cultural component-based-ecotourism-programs shall be developed to ensure sustainable management, increase community participation, and introduce the biological wealth in the national park area

Urban farming is an activity of using unproductive land into productive land in the yard of the house. Urban farming can contribute to food security, hope food patterns, increase people's income and as a means of channeling hobbies. Urban farming is an alternative in increasing the productivity of home gardens to increase hopeful food patterns and reduce the cost of daily consumption expenditures for households. This study aims to determine the public perception of urban farming and to determine the contribution of urban farming to the decrease in daily consumption costs. This research was conducted in Margajaya Village, West Bogor District, Bogor City. Descriptive statistics are used to determine people's perceptions of urban farming while inferential statistics are used to test the hypothesis that urban farming can reduce household daily consumption costs by 5 percent. The results showed that people who understand about urban farming as much as 87.23%. The results of testing the hypothesis that the portion of daily consumption cost reduction of more than 5 percent can be accepted at the 95% confidence level. This indicates that urban farming has an important role from an economic perspective. Socialization of urban farming programs is a necessity, to increase food security, it has the potential to increase people's income and reduce poverty in urban areas

The success of urban ecotourism in tourism villages requires community participation, both in developing tourism activities and businesses and in tourism management. The research aims to analyze three aspects, namely natural and cultural potential, the obstacles faced by the community in managing tourism villages, and the potential for community participation in managing tourism villages. The research was conducted in two tourism villages located in the center of Bogor City, namely Pulo Geulis Village and Labirin Village. Primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires to community respondents and analyzed descriptively using the Kruskal Wallis test. The study shows that cultural potential is more likely to be utilized in an effort to improve the community's economy and attract tourist visits. Community participation is still limited to Kompepar membership and food and beverages providers. The low participation is strongly suspected because the income derived from the tourism business is still unable to meet daily needs. Continuous coaching and increasing synergy between communities in tourism villages is an important thing to do to increase community participation in tourism development.

AAn orientation study of visitor preferences is important to consider policies that must be taken by area managers regarding the development of interpretation programs. This study aims to analyze preferences among visitor segmentation on the attractiveness of interpretation subjects and analyze interpretation subjects that are considered important by visitors. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires regarding preferences for the subject of fauna, flora, and natural phenomena to visitors. The segmentation of visitor preferences was analyzed using cluster analysis, namely grouping respondents based on the similarity of the answers given. The results showed that the highest preference of visitors in the Mount Papandayan Natural Tourism Park area was on the subject of natural phenomena (including landscapes). The preference for the subject of fauna and flora is lower. The development of activities in the interpretation program is based on age characteristics and preferences for natural subjects. ABSTRAKKajian orientasi preferensi pengunjung penting untuk mempertimbangkan kebijakan yang harus diambil oleh pengelola kawasan terkait pengembangan program interpretasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis preferensi diantara segmentasi pengunjung terhadap daya tarik subjek interpretasi dan menganalisis subjek interpretasi yang dianggap penting oleh pengunjung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner mengenai preferensi terhadap subjek fauna, flora, dan fenomena alam kepada pengunjung. Segmentasi preferensi pengunjung dianalisis dengan menggunakan cluster analysis, yaitu mengelompokkan responden berdasarkan kesamaan jawaban yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preferensi pengunjung yang tertinggi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Papandayan yaitu pada subjek fenomena alam (termasuk bentang alam). Adapun preferensi terhadap subjek fauna dan flora lebih rendah. Pengembangan aktivitas dalam program interpretasi didasarkan pada karakteristik usia dan preferensinya terhadap subjek alam.

Arabica coffee requires land suitability criteria to support its growth and productivity. If an area has infertile soil conditions and has a climate that is not in accordance with the criteria for growing Arabica coffee, then several alternative solutions are needed to determine the suitability of land in that area. Insufficient knowledge about suitable land can contribute to inefficient land use. Information on land suitability for Arabica coffee in Bogor district is not yet available. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of potential land to develop of Arabica coffee commodities in Bogor. Hence, spatial analysis of land suitability was carried out by utilizing the capabilities of the Geographic Information System used an overlay based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM), agroclimatic variables, physical (adequate depth, soil texture), soil chemical properties (pH, base saturation, cation exchange capacity/CEC and land use information. The proportion of land suitability for Arabica coffee was classified into suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable consisted of 398.68 ha, 32,209.4 ha, and 266,617 ha of which area size. The potential land for Arabica coffee showed that there was 126 ha for S2 suitability class, 18,681.00 ha for S3 suitability class, and 280,418.58 ha for the non-potential land.