Current investigations in different fields of cellular metabolism focus on the phenomenon of molecular compartmentation as an essential part of metabolic control. This type of compartment without surrounding membranes arises from enzyme cluster formation in the cell. The organization of the enzymes ranges from very loose, non-covalent aggregations, sometimes only transiently associated - dependent on metabolic or developmental state of the cell - to the very fixed, even covalently linked structures. These organized multienzyme systems produce a chemical microheterogeneity concerning the metabolite concentrations in the cell. Molecular compartmentation is the description of this chemical microheterogeneity in a biological term.
A cyclic adenosine 3': 5'-monophosphate (Ado-3':5'-P) assay is proposed basing on the principle of competitive protein-binding. Free and bound Ado-3':5'-P is separatedjby coated (Dextran T 70, bovine serum albumine) charcoal. The Ado-3':5'-P binding protein is obtained from bull adrenals. The detection limit is 0.25 pmol in the incubation tube. The affinity constant of the protein-Ado-3': 5'-P complex is 2.8 • 10 8 l/mol. The free enthalpy is approximate lOkcal/mol. The high specificity is tested with other similar nucleotides. There is a great difference between the N 6-mono-and N 6-2'O-dibutyryl derivatives of Ado-3':5'-P with respect to their affinities for the binding protein, or protein kinase. The criteria of reliability are given by precision, detection limit, specificity and accuracy data. The method is suitable for serial determinations. One person is able to measure 100 samples (including the standard curve) per day. For linearisation of the dose response curve a new method is described. The proposed plot has the advantages of simplicity and ease of curve calculation. In addition, the plot yields the affinity constant and binding capacity of the binding protein. Moreover, this method allows the estimation of the affinity constant of any competitor of a labeled ligand. This method for linearisation is discussed regarding its limitations and advantages. Es wird eine Bestimmungsmethode für cyclisches Adenosin-3': S'-monophosphat (Ado-3': 5'-P) vorgeschlagen, die auf einer kompetitiven Verdrängungsreaktion von 3 H-und nichtmarkiertem Ado-3':5'-P an einem spezifisch Ado-3':5'-P bindenden Protein beruht, das aus Nebennieren von Stieren erhalten wird. Die Trennung von freiem und gebundenem Ado-3': 5'-P erfolgt durch mit Dextran T 70 und Rinderserumalbumin vorbehandelter Aktivkohle. Die Nachweisgrenze für Ado-3': 5'-P liegt bei 0,25 pMol (p ^ 0,05) im Bestimmungsansatz. Die Affinitätskonstante beträgt 2,8 • l O 8 l/Mol. Die freie Enthalpie für die Reaktion der Anlagerung von Ado-3':5'-P an das bindende Protein beläuft sich auf etwa 10 kcal/Mol. Die Spezifität der Methode ist hoch; ähnlich gebaute Nucleotide sind weitgehend ohne Einfluß auf die Reaktion. Für die beiden Ado-3': 5'-P-Derivate N 6-Mono-und N 6-2'O-Dibutyryl-Ado-3 / :5 /-P besteht ein großer Unterschied in der Affinität zum bindenden Protein bzw. der Proteinkinase. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Methode wird mit Daten für die Präzision, die Nachweisgrenze, die Spezifität und die Richtigkeit belegt. Die Methode ist für Serienbestimmungen geeignet; eine Assistentin kann etwa 100 Proben (einschließlich Standard-Kurve) am Tag messen. Zur Linearisierung der Dosis-Wirkungskurve wird eine neue Methode beschrieben, deren Vorteile und Grenzen diskutiert werden. Die vorgeschlagene graphische Darstellung erlaubt eine einfache Kurvenberechnung sowie die Ermittlung der Affinitätskonstante und der Bindungskapazität des Bindungsproteins. Darüberhinaus kann unter Verwendung nur eines markierten Liganden die Affinitätskonstante für jede kompetitiv wirksame Verbindung besti...
A patient with a metastazing functional islet cell tumour suffering from severe hypoglycaemia was treated with streptozotocin. Four intravenous injections of 1.5 g streptozotocin each were administered in 4 to 6 days intervals. After the 4th injection there were no further episodes of hypoglycaemia, parenteral glucose administration could be stopped and blood sugar and plasma insulin, showing concentrations of up to 405 μU/ml before treatment, reached normal levels. The tumours in the pancreas disappeared and the liver metastases decreased in size and number as judged by arteriography. A hypothesis for the mechanism of action of streptozotocin is proposed. The glucose moiety is considered to facilitate a high affinity to the islet cells whereas the N-methyl-nitrosourea residue serves the active antitumour part of the molecule.
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