Background: Spirocercosis is considered to be an emerging pathological condition within veterinary medicine. The disease has worldwide distribution, although the greatest prevalence has been described in tropical and subtropical regions. The infection rate is affected by the interrelationships between the density of the dog population and intermediate hosts. The aim of this study was report the morphological and histopathological characteristics of natural infection by Spirocerca lupi in dogs from Distrito Federal, Brazil.Cases: Records were obtained from 10 dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis at the Pathology Sector, School of Veterinary Medicine, Uniao Pioneira de Integracao Social (UPIS), in Brasilia, Federal District. For six animals, the diagnosis was confirmed through necropsy. Two dogs presented aortic rupture, thus resulting in hemothorax and consequent hypovolemic shock. Another animal presented gastric nodules, erratic migration to the lungs and renal and splenic infarction due to aortic thromboembolism. One dog presented neoplastic transformation of the esophageal granuloma to osteosarcoma. The age of the dogs ranged from one to eight years and the weight ranged from 15 to 40 kg. The clinical histories were similar: regurgitation (10/10), emesis (5/10), dysphagia (7/10), weight loss (10/10), weakness (3/10) and dyspnea (4/10). Esophageal nodules measured 1 to 5 cm in diameter were observed in all the dogs and contained a large number of Spirocerca lupi specimens. Histologically, parasites were detected in adventitial and medial areas, surrounded by zones of necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The stroma of the intimal tissue presented considerable fibrocellular proliferation (atherosclerosis), with areas of mineralization and ossification in the intimal and medial layers. An interesting finding of this study was atypical migration to the stomach and osteosarcoma case associated with parasitism by Spirocerca lupi.Discussion: Infection by Spirocerca lupi is very important in Brazil, however, there are few studies showing epidemiological, morphological and histopathological aspects of the parasite infection. In the Distrito Federal a large number of animals has died due to rupture of nodules located in the thoracic aorta, however, necropsy was not performed and these animals do not present confirmed diagnosis. Our results showed a major group of animals of large breed (6/10) follow by medium (3/10) and small (1/10) breeds. The incidence of spirocercosis is greater in medium to large-sized dogs because these animals remain outside of the domestic area for longer times than do small-sized animals. In this study, there was greater prevalence in mongrels. Nonetheless, breeds such as Cocker Spaniel, Borzoi, German Shepherd and Great Dane have also been affected by this condition. In general, the majority of free-living dogs are mongrels and the parasitosis rate is high among dogs of this type in enzootic areas. The great prevalence of adult dogs is related to the characteristics of the parasite’s life cycle, along with difficulty in making the diagnosis in animals under six months of age. We did not found young dogs showing infection by Spirocerca lupi. The age range between four and twelve years is most affected. Although the number of dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis has been increasing continuously in the Distrito Federal, it is commonly only identified through necroscopic examinations. Therefore, measures need to be taken towards making early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, in order to reduce the death rate. Due to the scarcity of data in the Brazilian literature about this condition, the present study and future studies and data-gathering are of prime importance.Keywords: aneurysms, dogs, necropsy, Spirocerca lupi.

ResumoRelatam-se 15 casos de cães com abscessos prostáticos. Os animais foram submetidos a exame físico, destacando-se o toque retal associado à palpação transabdominal da próstata, seguido de hemograma, dosagem sérica de uréia, creatinina e enzimas alanino-aminotransferase e fosfatase alcalina, avaliações radiográfica e ultrassonográfica da cavidade abdominal e cultura do tecido prostático. Os animais foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos, estes relacionados ao estado geral do animal, localização, tamanho e quantidade de abscessos prostáticos. Esta descrição reitera a importância das afecções prostáticas na clínica médica canina, sendo o exame físico detalhado e acompanhado de exames complementares específicos, particularmente raios-X e ultrassonografia, de grande valia na detecção das afecções prostáticas dos cães. As técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas são eficazes ao tratamento de abscessos prostáticos, com baixa taxa de mortalidade. Palavras-chave: Canino, próstata, prostatite aguda. AbstractFifteen cases of dogs with prostatic abscesses are reported. The animals were underwent to physical examination prioritizing the digital rectal exam with transabdominal palpation of the prostate gland followed by blood cell count, measurement of serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, abdominal's radiographic and ultrasound exams, and culture of the prostate. The animals were underwent to different treatments being related to the animal's general state, location, size and quantity of prostatic abscesses. This description reiterates the importance of prostatic disease in canine medicine once the detailed physical examination associated with specific complementary tests, particularly x-ray and ultrasound, are valuable for the detection of dog's prostatic diseases. Surgical procedures used here are effective to the treatment of prostatic abscesses with low mortality rate.

Background: Canine lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs and reveals divergent biological behaviors correlated to histopathological subtype, the immunophenotypic (T or B) and tumor stage. The multi-centric form is the most common presentation for canine lymphoma, followed by gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms. Miscellaneous forms of canine lymphoma (nasal, osseous, central nervous system and muscle) represent less than 1% of all cases. This report describes the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings detected in a dog with a primary muscular lymphoma.Case: The subject was referred to the Emergency and Critical Care Service at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of claudication in the left pelvic limb, severe dehydration, hypovolemia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by gastroenteritis associated with the use of phenylbutazone. After death, the post-mortem examination revealed ulcerative gastritis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histopathological examination of the GIT specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the left popliteal lymph node revealed no neoplastic alterations. Histological examination of semitendinosus muscle revealed proliferation of cells with round or oval nucleus, an evident pleomorphic nucleolus and scanty, eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were five to six mitosis per each 400x field. These cells infiltrated through the muscle fibers. The muscle fibers displayed marked eosinophilic sarcoplasm, loss of striations and fragmentation (degeneration). Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative reaction for CD79a and positive for CD45 and CD3.Discussion: The primary muscle lymphoma it is very rare disease and patients commonly have clinical signs related with muscle location. Our description of muscular primary lymphoma affecting the semitendinosus muscle emphasize that it must be included as a differential diagnosis for dogs with unilateral lameness, inflammatory processes, and other malignancies. In this case, the patient showed an ulcerative gastroenteritis associated with the inappropriate use of phenylbutazone. The patient death was associated with a septicemia due to several ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. We excluded any regional lymph node involvement and secondary muscular infiltration with post-mortem and histopathological examination. The gross evaluation of the left hind limb demonstrated only muscular involvement (semitendinosus muscle) without infiltration in the adjacent structures, and the histopathology revealed no alteration in the regional lymph node. The immunohistochemical evaluation showed negative staining to CD79a, a high number of positive cells to Ki67 and positive staining to CD45 and CD3. In normal lymph nodes, it was possible to note CD79 diffuse expression in germinal centers in lymphoid follicles and few positive B-lymphocytes in medullary region. Diffuse CD3 expression was found in cortex region by normal Tlymphocytes. There was no histological alterations in sublumbar and popliteal lymph nodes. This immunohistochemical and histological patterns revealed a Peripheral T Cell lymphoma with a high proliferative index. The previous report of primary muscular lymphoma showed a T cell lymphoma with a high proliferative index similar to our findings. Based on macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings it was concluded that the patient had a primary muscular Peripheral T Cell lymphoma.

Diagnósticos de neoplasia são cada vez mais frequentes em animais de companhia. Na medicina veterinária brasileira, o exame citopatológico como método diagnóstico é relativamente novo. Este método é de grande importância para o diagnóstico precoce de neoplasias por ser seguro, pouco invasivo, rápido processamento e baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho é categorizar a frequência de neoplasmas em cães e gatos diagnosticadas por avaliação citopatológica no período de 2015 a 2019 no Setor de Anatomia Patológica da União Pioneira de Integração Social (UPIS) do Distrito Federal. Entre os processos neoplásicos identificados em cães e gatos 50,12% (387/772) foram considerados malignos. De acordo com a origem 37,04% (286/772) eram epiteliais, 35,23% (272/772) de células redondas e 20,07% (155/772) mesenquimais. A glândula mamária foi a mais acometida representando 24,16% (180/745) das localizações anatômicas em que neoplasmas foram identificados. Os processos neoplásicos foram mais observados em animais idoso e não houve predisposição racial assim como sazonalidade em sua ocorrência. A avaliação contínua e o diagnóstico dos neoplasmas por meio do exame citopatológico pode contribuir para a identificação precoce da lesão e, consequentemente, uma abordagem terapêutica melhor assertiva, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida do paciente.