Pada ekosistem air, mikroalga merupakan penghasil alami energi dan senyawa metabolit potensial. Mikroalga ekstraseluler memiliki fungsi sebagai penghambat dan memicu pertumbuhan senyawa. Tetraselmis chuii memiliki komponen bioaktif seperti asam lemak dan ester yang digunakan sebagai agen antibakteri. Antimikroba adalah senyawa yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Proses ekstraksi dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, berbagai pelarut, dan kondisi ekstraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penggunaan berbagai pelarut dan ekstraksi siklus total terhadap hasil ekstrak Tetraselmis chuii, mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak Tetraselmis chuii terhadap S. aureus, E. coli, A. flavus dan C. Albicans, dan mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak Tetraselmis chuii yang bertindak sebagai agen antimikroba dengan menggunakan metode GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi dihasilkan dari pelarut aseton pada 3 siklus ekstraksi, yaitu sebesar 35.19%. Uji aktivitas antimikroba terbaik menghasilkan ekstrak dari pelarut kloroform dengan ekstraksi 3 siklus dengan diameter zona hambatan 16.43 mm pada S.aureus, 16.07 mm pada E. coli, 15.46 mm di C. albicans, dan 15.8 mm di A.flavus. Senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak Tetraselmis chuii berpotensi sebagai senyawa antimikroba, termasuk asam lemak, ester, alkohol, keton, benzene, dan alkana

The number of mental health problems in children and adolescents has been increasing. One of the causes of mental health problems is trauma in the family, such as childhood adversities. The aim of this study was to review the relationship between childhood adversities and mental health problems. The method in this study was a systematic review using three databases: CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS. The results of the review were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The keywords used in this study were mental health or mental illness or mental disorder or psychiatric illness AND adolescents or teenagers or teenagers or youth AND parental divorce or parental separation OR parental death or parental loss or parentally bereaved. The inclusion criteria for the articles were English language and published from 2017 to 2021. This study recorded 477 articles, screened according to the topic, and then the final articles were 35. The results of the systematic review showed evidence that childhood adversities were related to mental health problems according to the ICD-10 diagnosis, ADHD and personality disorders, depression, post-traumatic, smoking behavior, and alcohol abuse, and distress. Interventions for children with childhood adversities were needed to prevent mental health disorders.

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Most of Indonesia's cocoa beans have been produced through fermentation. Various metabolite end products such as alcohol, lactic acid, and acetic acid are produced during cocoa beans fermentation. These metabolites would induce different chemical characteristic of fermented cocoa beans. In this research, ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) was used to simulate the susceptibility of OTA and AFs production during storage. This research was conducted on storage simulation condition, which was 91% of relative humidity. It is hypothesized that metabolic end-products from the breakdown substrate during fermentation process have an effect on mycotoxin production by fungi. This is the first report of OTA and AFs contamination susceptibility in fermented and unfermented cocoa beans. Fermented cocoa beans were more susceptible to AFs contamination. The highest AFs concentration was found in the fermented cocoa beans after 10 days storage. Unfermented cocoa beans were more susceptible to OTA production. The highest OTA concentration was found in unfermented cocoa beans after 15 days storage.The results from the simulation indicated a promising different potential between OTA and AFs production in fermented and unfermented cocoa beans during storage, suggesting the existence of limiting factors on the accumulation of OTA and AFs in the beans by the metabolic-end products produced during fermentation.