ZusammenfassungWesteuropa ist von einem Schwarra k~,inozoiseher Griiben durehzogen. Die Stadien der Grabenbildung ereigneten sich gleichzeitig mit den Episoden verst~rkter Faltung in den Alpen. Das Aufreil3en des Rheingrabens wurde dureh einen Manteldiapirismus ausgelSst, die alpine Orogenese dagegen durch Subduktion yon Lithosphtire. Es wird angenommen, dab der Subduktionsvorgang im Alpenbereich den Mantelaufstieg im Vorland bedingt hat.Die mitteleoz~ine bis oligoz~ine Zerrungstektonik des Rheingrabens setzt eine Kompression parallel zur Grabenachse in ca. 20~voraus. Im selben Gebiet betr~igt die rezente Richtung maximaler Kompressionsspannung ca 820 ~ (NW), wie in situ stress-Messungen, Herdfl:,iehenlSsungen yon Erdbeben sowie rezente Krustenbewegungen erkennen lassen. Die sinistrale Rotation des Beansprnchungsplans relativ zur Kruste des stabilen Europa hat sich im Anschlul3 an eine entspreehende Rotation yon Mikroplatten im Mittelmeerraum vollzogen. Diese Rotationen werden alternierenden Scherbewegungen zugesehrieben, welche sich zwischen dem stabilen Europa und den Afro-Arabischen Platten im Laufe des K~inozoikums ereignet haben. Hierdurch wurden die zwischengelagerten Mikroplatten einem Kugellager-Effekt ausgesetzt. Die postulierten Scherbewegungen entsprechen der alternierenden Gesehwindigkeitsverteilung des ocean floor spreading beiderseits der afrikanischen Platte. Die Stadien alpiner Plattenkollision hatten entsprechende Umorientierungen des intraplate stress-Feldes in den kratonisierten Bereichen des mitteleurop~iischen Vorlandes im Gefolge. AbstractWestern Europe is traversed by the Rhinegraben rift system. The stages of graben formation evolved coineidentally with the culminations of compressional folding in the Alps, Rhinegraben rifting has been controlled by mantle diapirism, but the Alpine orogeny by subduction of lithosphere. Presumably, Alpine subduction forced compensating mantle uplift in the foreland.The Middle Eocene to Oligocene crustal spreading of the Rhinegraben implies a state of stress with a maximum horizontal component parallel to the graben axis (about 20~ In the same area, the Recent average direction of maximum compressive stress is of about 820 ~ (NW), as calculated by in-situ stress measurements, fault-plane solutions of earthquakes and Recent crustal movements. The rotation of the stress components relative to the ernst of stable Europo evolved subsequent to counterclockwise rotations of microplates in the Mediterranean. A model is proposed which ascribes these rotations to alterating shear motions of the Afro-Arabian macroplates relative to stable Europe exerting a ball-bearing effect to the intervenient microplates. The 05JIaCTH nMeeT HanpaBJieHHe npHMepHo 320 ~ r.e. ceBepo-3ana~Hoe, Kai~ BI~ITe-EaeT It3 n3MepeHHffI cTpeeea in situ, HCcJIe~0BaHH~ O~tal"OB 3aMJIaTpHCeHHI~ H CoBpeMeHHI~IX ~BHYEeHHI:I I~0pl, I. I][OBOpOT IIJIaHa HanpYl~eHHffI OTHOCHTeJIbHO Kop~I CTaSHJIbHO~ EBpOUbI BJIeBO np0H3Orn~JI O~HOBpeMeHHO C COOTBeTCTByI~II~HM HOBO-pOTOM cpe~(H3eMHoM0pCEOffI MHEpoFJI~I6bI...

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Zusammenfassung AbstractThe crust of the earth is traversed by a lattice of tectonic lineaments which, since the Precambrian Era, were always and again acting as wren& faults. These shearing movements, independent of the specific crustal structure, are thought to he caused by the wandering of the poles. For the directions and movements of the lineaments correspond to the stress field that was induced by the readjustment of the geoid. The bursting lineaments caused a splitting of the continental masses. The great original continents of the Paleozoie Era disturbed the *) Anschrift des Verfassers: Prof. Dr. H. ILLIES, Karlsruhe, Kaiserstr. 12. 549Aufs~itze balance of revolution. There was a trend to separate the disturbing masses and to furnish the surface of the earth as proportionally as possible with continents. Thus, divergent forces started to work on the lineaments. The lineaments were stretched and became rift valleys. When the forces of the eontinentaI drift became overwhelming, the rift valleys burst along their median line. A new continent split off. The wandering continents endeavoured and are still endeavouring to reach, in the first place, the Pacific Ocean trying to confine it peripherieally. From this trend comes tile conformable architecture of the eireumpacific tectonics. The drifting masses effeeted secondary distm'banees of the balance of the rotating gyroscope. The poles tried to escape the wandering masses. Once more, lineaments became active, and the process of splitting continued. Consequently, the wandering of the poles and the continental drift are thought to be mutually initiating and controlling processes. The orogenic phases of the folding and the taphrogenic phases of the rift valley forming are in their global coincidence the display of this very process that concerns the entire crust of the earth. R6sum6