PENDAHULUANKemiskinan merupakan isu yang akan tetap relevan untuk dibahas karena telah menjadi agenda penting, baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia internasional. Secara konseptual kemiskinan diposisikan sebagai isu ekonomi dan isu sosial (Yustika, 2007). Pada tahun 2002-2007, terdapat indikasi kuat bahwasanya meskipun terdapat kecenderungan positif dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan, tetapi ternyata implikasinya belum seperti yang diharapkan (Kuncoro, 2008). Saat ini kemiskinan di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi mencapai 32,53 juta penduduk. 16,68 persen di antara penduduk miskin tersebut berada di provinsi Jawa Timur -yang dijadikan studi kasus dalam penelitian ini.

A B S T R A C T Informasi Artikel

Tobacco is one of Indonesia's unique agricultural commodities. During the slowdown global market for tobacco products, Indonesia still has a relatively important position. This considerable potential is relatively difficult to maintain because both internally and externally, the commodity of tobacco which is the main ingredient of cigarettes, faces very fierce obstacles. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of tobacco commodities in Indonesia during the period 1970-2016. The competitiveness indicator used is the trade balance index. The method used is quantitative descriptive and regression methods to evaluate the association between competitiveness indicators and their main determinants: production. The results showed that at the beginning of the period of development, tobacco products had good competitiveness. However, entering the 1990s the position of the tobacco trade was reversed. On the other hand, demand for tobacco consumption and the prevalence of smoking in Indonesia are always increasing. As a result, the tendency to weaken competitiveness shown by import penetration will continue. The implication is that the government must stem tobacco imports to achieve two goals at once: improve the tobacco trade balance and hold the smoking prevalence rate that tends to increase.

This study aims to analyze the expenditure of cigarettes on human resources. Human resource investment is measured using education and health spending. The model is based on an analysis of previous studies that show a bad effect of smoking on health and achievement. Until now, cigarettes still existed and can be consumed freely. However, on the other hand, several studies have shown the bad influence of cigarettes on the quality of human resources. Therefore, the author will discuss the issue of the relationship between cigarette spending and human resources in smokers' households. The authors use IFLS data to estimate the effect of cigarette spending on education spending and health spending. The data used are data from 2007 and 2014. The characteristics of the observed households are the same households in 2007 and 2014. Next, the authors estimate the model using OLS and FIXED. The results show that households with more cigarette spending will reduce spending on education. To find out more, the author makes two models based on the location of residence. More specific results show that household cigarette spending in rural areas will push health spending.

A B S T R A C T Informasi ArtikelThe purpose of this study is to determine the role and efforts for the economic prosperity of Masalembu fishermen. The research method in this study uses a qualitative method by describing the phenomena that occur in society. Data collection techniques that researchers use are with field studies namely interviews, observation, and documentation. Community empowerment is one important factor in overcoming the welfare of the Masalembu fishing community. The results showed that welfare can be achieved by increasing the income of fishermen, such as using it because of a fishing institution as one of the driving forces of the economy. The welfare of Masalembu fishermen is low because the role and contribution of the Masalembu fishing institute are still low.