In this population-based study, CD and UC incidences increased dramatically in adolescents across a 24-year span, suggesting that one or more strong environmental factors may predispose this population to IBD.

Paradoxical articular manifestations in IBD patients treated by anti-TNF are common, affecting more than 10% of patients. These events are generally mild and do not need discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy.

Extraintestinal manifestations occurred at lower frequency in elderly-onset compared with pediatric-onset patients. In both age populations, presence of EIM at diagnosis independently increased the need for corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment.