Os primeiros efeitos da radioterapia e da quimioterapia antineoplásica acontecem sobre as células do epitélio oral, as quais sofrem rápida proliferação. O tamanho destes efeitos depende de muitos fatores ligados ao tratamento, ao paciente e ao tumor. No que se trata do paciente, interferem nesse processo o seu estado geral de saúde, presença de comorbidades, sexo, estado nutricional, idade, fatores sociais e psicológicos, além de hábitos deletérios e patologias orofaciais preexistentes. Esses adoecimentos na integridade bucal devem-se a veracidade de que a radioterapia e quimioterapia não são capazes de destruir as células tumorais sem lesionar células normais. O tratamento oncológico pode provocar reações adversas na cavidade oral, e é comum, em pacientes oncológicos submetidos ao tratamento antineoplásico, o desenvolvimento de agravamentos orais agudos ou tardios.---The first effects of radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy happen on the cells of the oral epithelium, which quickly notice proliferation. The size of these effects depends on many factors related to the treatment, the patient, and the tumor. With regard to the patient, this process interferes with their general health status, presence of comorbidities, gender, nutritional status, age, social and psychological factors, in addition to deleterious habits and pre-existing orofacial pathologies. These illnesses in the oral integrity are due to the veracity that radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not capable of destroying tumor cells without normal cells. Oncological treatment can cause adverse reactions in the oral cavity, and it is common, in cancer patients, to antineoplastic treatment, to develop acute or late oral aggravations.
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