A todos os alunos dessas instituições, por terem me acompanhado e ajudado no laboratório nesses períodos de visitas, pelo jogo de futebol, pelas coletas, pela cachacinha, cervejinha, vinhozinho e outros quitutes etílicos depois do trabalho, pelos almoços, jantares e baladinhas... São várias pessoas e eu iria esquecer de colocar o nome de alguém, portanto, gostaria de agradecê-los de uma forma geral. Ao Bifi, especificamente, por ter me agüentado em sua casa durante as duas visitas que fiz à UEM (e viva o cachorro quente com maionese verde!). Agradeço aos alunos e ex-alunos da Seção de Peixes que acompanharam o meu trabalho e minhas aflições mais de perto: André, Carine, Marina, Manoela, José Birindelli, Leandro (Gabiru), Ilana, Pedrinho, Janice, Marcelo, Rodrigo... Pelas discussões, cafés e quitutes, petiscagens e biritinhas diversas. Também pelos vários apelidos que me deram e pelas observações engraçadas durante as horas de profunda concentração ("ai...que nojo...então você não tem limites...?!", "o que importa é o que interessa"). Valeu pessoal, foi muito sucesso ter convivido e aprendido com vocês nesse tempo.

Crenicichla chicha, new species, occurs in clear, fast-running waters with rocky substrates in the rio Papagaio and tributaries. It is distinguished from all other Crenicichla species by the combination of two character states: infraorbitals 3 and 4 co-ossified (vs. separated) and 66-75 scales in the row immediately above to that containing the lower lateral line (E1 row scales). Crenicichla chicha shares a smooth preopercular margin, co-ossification of infraorbitals 3 and 4, and some color features with C. hemera from the adjacent rio Aripuanã drainage, rio Madeira basin. It differs from Crenicichla hemera in more E1 scales (66-75 vs. 58-65) and presence of a conspicuous black narrow stripe running from infraorbital 3 obliquely caudoventrad toward the preopercular margin vs. a rounded and faint suborbital marking present on infraorbitals 3-4. Examination of the type series and additional material from the rio Aripuanã confirms that Crenicichla guentheri Ploeg, 1991 is a junior subjective synonym of C. hemera Kullander, 1990.

Anchoviella hernanni sp. nov. is described from the upper Amazon River basin, in tributaries of the Marañon, Ucayali and Madre de Dios river drainages that drain the Peruvian Andes. The new taxon can be distinguished from all congeners except Anchoviella jamesi, Anchoviella manamensis and Anchoviella perezi, by having 12-15 gill rakers in the lower branch of the first gill arch (v·16-35) and from those species by the distance between verticals through the posterior margin of the orbit to the posterior margin of the upper jaw 9·5-14·8% head length; L (v. up to 6·0% L ). An updated identification key of all freshwater species of Anchoviella and morphological comparisons between all species of the genus occurring in Peru are provided.

Crenicichla ploegi, new species, is described based on material from the Rio Juruena (Rio Papagaio, Rio do Sangue, Rio Arinos, and Rio Juruena itself) and from tributaries of the upper Rio Paraguai (upper Rio Jauru, upper Rio Cabaçal and upper Rio Sepotuba) in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Crenicichla ploegi is the twenty-third species of the C. saxatilis group. It is distinguished from all other species of the group by the presence of dark spots and vermiculations on snout, interorbital area and dorsally on head in adults vs. dark markings absent or present only in juveniles but absent in adults, and by the presence of a deep and strongly pigmented lateral band present in both juveniles and adults, occupying a depth of 4-6 horizontal scale rows vs. lateral band narrower, occupying a depth of 2-3 horizontal scale rows, and conspicuous only in juveniles and smaller specimens, faded or absent in larger specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of the C. saxatilis group proposed in previous studies were discussed to update the diagnosis of the group, and morphological comparisons among the species included in the group, with biogeographical comments, are provided. The presence of conspicuous dark markings dorsally on the head and the presence of a prominent midlateral band are hypothesized to be paedomorphic characteristics, retained from juvenile conditions in the context of the species of the C. saxatilis group.