Pathologic and epidemiologic studies of carcinoma of the thyroid were carried out in an endemic and a nonendemic goiter area. Two hundred twenty‐nine cases from the State of Connecticut, USA, and 217 from Cali, Colombia, were histologically reviewed and classified using a single nomenclature and previously agreed criteria. Tumors were classified in five categories: papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary, and others. A detailed pathologic description for papillary and follicular varieties was made, since most of the confusion in nomenclature seems to be due to the absence of well‐defined criteria for these two types of tumor. Incidence of specific histologic types in the two localities were also studied. A statistically significant excess of follicular carcinoma was found in Cali in comparison with Connecticut. An excess of ana‐plastic carcinoma in Cali was also seen, but the number of cases was too small to be significant. No differences were found in the incidence of papillary carcinoma in the two localities. Anaplastic and follicular carcinoma were more often associated with nodular goiter than papillary carcinoma.

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