Indonesia menjadi salah satu produsen rempah-rempah dan termasuk dalam 5 negara produsen rempah-rempah terbesar di dunia pada komoditas kayu manis, cengkeh, pala, lada, dan vanili, sehingga memiliki peluang dan berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya saing komparatif dan kompetitif komoditas rempah-rempah Indonesia di pasar internasional dibandingkan dengan negara pesaingnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari UNComtrade dengan jangka waktu 18 tahun (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). Metode penelitian deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Daya saing komparatif diketahui dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RCTA) dan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP) sedangkan daya saing kompetitif diketahui dengan menggunakan Export Product Dynamic (EPD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing komparatif komoditas rempah-rempah Indonesia sangat kuat, namun memiliki daya saing kompetitif yang belum baik karena posisi produk berada pada lost opportunity. Peningkatan kinerja dan daya saing rempahrempah Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan nilai ekspor rempah-rempah Indonesia dengan memberikan nilai tambah dan peningkatan mutu melalui inovasi teknologi. Selain itu, perlu mengembangkan intelijen pasar dan meningkatkan peran atase dalam diplomasi perdagangan rempah-rempah dengan negara-negara mitra dan negara-negara potensial.

This research is aimed to (1) observe the trade patterns and domination export in the spice commodities between Indonesia in international market and the countries as its main trade partners, and (2) observe the performance of the export and import in industry of Indonesia spices with its trade partner countries. Grubel-Lloyd Index (GLI) were used to detect whether the trade patterns in spice industry is as intra-industry or as inter-industry as well as to figure out the domination of the spice commodity export of Indonesia to its trade partner countries. The performance of the export and import in spice industry could be analyzed using the share of export and import between Indonesia and its trade partner countries. This research used the secondary data obtained from UNComtrade in a 15-year period (2002-2016) by concerning with a number of the main trade partner countries. The results of the research showed that the trade of Indonesian spice commodities in international market and among its main trade partners is categorized as a partial industry. Indonesia overall dominates the spice trade with its main trading partners; thus, the trade balance of Indonesian spice commodities is surplus. It is only with China and India in which the trade pattern is categorized as the intra-industry. Government needs to do some various efforts to encourage the increase of exports of Indonesian spices in the international market by developing market intelligence, enhancing the role of attachés in the spice trade diplomacy in the partner countries and potential countries.

The main production areas of chilli in Yogyakarta Province are in the wetland on the slopes of Mount Merapi and in the sandy coastal area. This research was intended to compare the use of production inputs, technical efficiency and performance of chilli farming in both areas. The research was conducted in Pakem sub-district and Panjatan sub-district. The number of respondents in this research were 30 farmers in every sub-district. Descriptive analysis, frontier analysis and revenue-cost ratio were used in this research. The results indicated that the use of production inputs, production, technical efficiency, and performance of chilli farming in the sandy coastal area was higher than that in the wetland. The technical efficiency in the wetland on the slopes of Mount Merapi was determined by the quantity of counselling while in the sandy coastal area was determined by the quantity of counselling and farmers' experience. The auction market in both areas proved able to increase the price of chilli. It is highly recommended that the extension officers need to be active in assisting farmers in both areas, especially related with chilli cultivation and processing technology.

<p><em>Exports are an important component in the economy. The higher the export performance, the greater the positive impact. Indonesia is one of the producers of spices and is included in the 5 largest spice producing countries in the world so that it has great opportunities and potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the comparison of Indonesia's comparative advantage with competing countries for world spice exports. This study uses the basic analytical descriptive method. The data used in this research is secondary data. Secondary data in this study include data on area area, production, productivity from FAO (fao.org) and data on exports and imports from UN Comtrade (comtrade.un.org). Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that Indonesia is still in the top 4 position in the world spice commodity exporter. When viewed from the acreage and production of spices, Indonesia is still in the top rank, especially in the commodities of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. In the international market, it can be seen that the percentage of the market share for Indonesian spices is in fourth place.</em></p>

<div>Many Nucleus Estate-Small holding (NES) coo-partnerships often experience dynamics and leave several problems for both parties engaged in the partnership, and in serious way, it may threaten the sustainability of the partnership. This research’s objectives are 1) to determine the level of willingness to sustain the</div><div>NES coo-partnership, and 2) to analyze the determinant factors of the willingness to</div><div>sustain the NES coo-partnership. Location of the research comprises two villages</div><div>namely Kaliboja and Kaliombo, located in Paninggaran sub-district, Pekalongan</div><div>regency. Ninety tea farmers selected by using convenience sampling method are</div><div>involved and interviewed. Descriptive method and ordered logistic regression are</div><div>employed to answer the objectives of the research. The result shows that most farmers are willing to sustain the NES coo-partnership. Moreover, the determinant factors of the willingness to sustain partnerships are the age of farmer, farmer’s tea production, and partnership effectiveness.</div>