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Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) is an autosomal dominant disease with progressive decline towards functional capacity. Although studies had shown that there are various SCA types, physical medicine and rehabilitation approach would focus mostly on functional aspects in each individuals. Analysis through International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health would assist clinicians to identify activity and participation aspects of SCA, mostly revolves around mobility function. Good correlation of mobility with quality of life was also reported, and thus it is only natural that this becomes the main focus of rehabilitative intervention. Approximately one hour physical exercise session focusing on postural control and balance was proven to be effective in improving disease related measurement tool, functional capacity, and quality of life. These benefits could be improved through newer therapies such as exercise games and virtual reality, virtually creates a rapidly changing environment, thus providing training through anticipatory actions. It is speculated that neuroplasticity through self-recognition of errors are the main physiology of recovery in SCA. Finally, it could be seen that rehabilitation intervention remains to be a cornerstone in current ataxia therapy, with goals of achieving exercise gains while alleviating the natural functional decline of the disease.

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Introduction: Cognitive disorders have associated with incidence of fall. Cognitive problem is more frequent in elderly living in nursing homes compared to those who live in community. The aim of this study is to determine correlation between balance performance and cognitive status among elderly in nursing home.Methods: This study was conducted in a nursing home in Jakarta. Balance performance was evaluated using Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), while cognitive status was examined using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).Results: There were 35 participants, consisted of male 10(28.6%) and female 25(71.4%) with median aged 69 years old, included in this study. Median MMSE result was 21 (6-30). The median result of TUG was 14.13 (9.66-88.50) seconds. The median BBS result was 50 (18-56). MMSE have negative strong correlation with TUG (r = -0.693; p = 0.000) and positive strong correlation with BBS (r = 0.640; p=0.000).Conclusion: Cognitive function has strong correlation with balance performance among elderly in nursing home. Therefore, cognitive aspect should be included in fall prevention program.Keywords: Balance, cognitive, elderly, nursing home

Introduction: The obesity on the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) was reduced the pain thresholds, leads todecreasing of physical functioning and quality of life. The obese group was more sensitive to pain due to the proinflammatorycondition. This study aimed to examined the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI)and the pain threshold in MPS patients.Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in an outpatient clinic of MedicalRehabilitation Department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The subjects recruited consecutively.The pain intensity was assessed subjectively by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score from 0 to 10. Thenumber of the trigger points (TP) were examined palpation manually. The pain threshold was evaluated by thealgometer (Kg) on the upper trapezius muscles.Results: The study has recruited 30 patients, aged 40,5 (20-54). The BMI was 24.97 ± 3.39 Kg/M2. The VASscore was 6 (5-8). The number of the TP was 5.83 ± 1.74. The pain threshold was 2.48 ± 0.52 Kg/ cm2. Most ofthe subjects have overweight (20%) and obesity (47%). There was no correlation between the BMI with the painintensity (r=-0.076, p=0.689), with the number of trigger points (r=0.256, p=0.171) and with the pain threshold(r=0.189, p=0.316).Conclusions: Therefore the BMI was not related to the pain intensity, the number of trigger points as wellas with the threshold of pain in the MPS patients. However, the number of the TP tends to increase, and thethreshold of pain has the tendency to reduced in the obese subjects.Keywords: Obesity; Myofascial Pain Syndrome; VAS; Pain Threshold