This article discuss about agricultural cooperatives capital structures with the New Institutional Economics

Albania is a Mediterranean country where fruitsand vegetables occupy an important placein the cropping systems practiced by theAlbanian farms but also in the foodconsumption of the population. Today, the fruits and vegetables growers in Albania havelow production capacity and difficulties inselling their products on national and regionalmarket. These poor producers face problems ofhow to produce safe food (World Bank2007), be recognized as producing safe food, identify cost-effective technologies forreducing risk, and be competitive with larger producers with advantage of economies ofscale in compliance with food safety requirements. In enabling the smallholders to remaincompetitive in such a system, new institutional arrangements are required. The new andemerging food system (dominated by domestic urban market and export markets,regional competitiveness, globalization, etc.) with high demands for compliance with foodsafety and traceability disfavor the smallholders due tohigh coordination costs. Theproblem is exacerbated by geographic dispersion, low education, and poor access tocapital and information (Poulton 2005; Humphrey 2005; Rich and Narrod 2005). Themain idea of this paper is that the public-private partnerships can play a key role increating farm to fork linkages that can satisfy the market demands for food safety whileretaining smallholders in the supply chain. Our big question is “how this can be possiblein Albania and which are the rightpolicies to forward this idea?

Tourism has and will be generally recognized asthe world’s largest industry. Its growth iscreating rapid social, economic and environmental changes which expect detailedunderstanding and measures to be managed.The market values of tourism can generally berealized by tourism products. This studyaims to explore the potential and communication of tourism product; by studying thecase of Himara, a city in south Albania– the study investigates how communicationtourism product works in a real environment.Nowadays, communication has become a major driver of tourism. Communication intourism is another form of promoting tourism by involving not only linguistic means.Some people traveled specificallyin order to gain a deeper understanding of the culture orheritage of a destination by what they haveheard and read. In order to satisfy tourists’needs and expectations, tourism productstypically attract consumers by thecommunication attributes. People hold a variety of misconceptions about communicationof tourism product. The most common one is its confusion with marketing andpromotion.In general terms, tourism is commonly consideredas a priority sector by Albanian Centraland Local Government. Himara is a small cityin southwest, holding high potential fortourism. It is widely considered an attractive destination of Albanian Riviera; and theoverall objective of this study is to identify the issues and challenges in tourismpromotion facing Himara.

Is very important for our markets, anappreciation for some of benefits oftrade and understanding to how pricesget established in simple markets.The Edgewrth box serves to orient themarkets scientifically and at the sametime can be used by decision makers inthe planning resources process tomeet customer demand. Using a production Edgewrth box , shows thatefficiency in production has similar properties to efficiency in distribution.From the optimal choices inside theEdgeworth box, we derive a productionpossibilities frontier that describes allthe efficient combinations of twogoods to maximize the benefit of both consumers. The Edgewrth box servesto orient the markets scientifically and at the same time can be used bydecision makers in the planning resources process to meet customer demand.To analyze efficiency in production weuse Edgeworth box. In the Edgeworthbox, we analyze how the market achieves a competitive equilibrium.

Finding ways to reduce poverty is a priority of the governments of Albania and in close collaboration