Zusammenfassung Vorbeugung von Fertilitätsstörungen durch frühzeitige Diagnostik und Behandlung der Varikocele bei Schülern und Studenten 4,067 Schüler und Studenten (12 ‐ 15 Jahre) wurden auf das Vorhandensein einer linksseitigen Varikozele untersucht. Mit dem Einsetzen der Pubertät steigt die Häufigkeit von Varikozelen stufenweise an und bleibt danach konstant. In der gesamten Gruppe liegt die Frequenz bei 14.7%. Nur die Gruppen mit Varikozelen zweiten und dritten Grades können als “Risikogruppe” bezeichnet werden in Bezug auf eine spätere Unfruchtbarkeit; letztere wurde bei 5.3% aller Fälle beobachtet. Allerdings entstehen schon bei einem Crittel der Jugendlichen mit einer Varikozele zweiten Grades und bei fast alien mit einer Varikozele dritten Grades anatomische Veränderungen (Volumen und Konsistenz) an den Hoden während der Pubertät. Um einer eventuellen späteren Unfruchtbarkeit vorzubeugen, kann ein operativer Eingriff erwogen werden; jedoch muß man die psychologischen Reaktionen in diesem Alter mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit berücksichtigen. Ein Eingriff im jugendlichen Alter zur Vorbeugung einer „möglichen” späteren Unfruchtbarkeit kann eine psychogene Impotenz auslösen. Resumen Prevención de alteraciones de la fertilidad mediante detectión y tratamiento del varicocele en la edad escolar Se examinaron 4.067 estudiantes entre 12 y 15 años para ver si tenian varicocele izquierdo. Con el inicio de la pubertad la incidencia del varicocele aumenta gradualmente hasta que se completa la pubertad. Después de la — adolescencia la incidencia de varicocele permanece constante. Para el grupo completo la incidencia de varicocele al‐canzó el 14′7%. Puesto que solo los grupos con varicocele grados II o III, deben ser considerados como “grupos — riesgo”, en cuanto concierne a una infertilidad posterior, podemos establecer que el 5′3% de todos los estudiantes — pertenecen a este grupo. Por tanto un tercio de los sujetos con varicocele grado II y casi todos los sujetos con varicocele grado III, ya presentan en la adolescencia una influencia anatómica sobre el testicu‐lo (volumen y/o consistencia). Puede considerarse la prevención de una posible alteration posterior de la fertilidad, mediante tratamiento quirúrgico del varicocele, pero es necesario una cuidadosa atención por la reactión psicológica a esta — edad. La prevención en la adolescencia de una posible alteratión de la fertilidad en la edad adulta tiene el ries go de provocar reacciones psicológicas de inferioridad sexual y genital.
The destructive action of chlorine on the pathogenic Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, the nonpathogenic N. gruberi, and an avirulent Acanthamoeba isolate was investigated. N. fowleri is somewhat more sensitive to chlorine than N. gruberi, whereas the two Acanthamoeba strains are very resistant. This study yields information needed for the destruction of amoebic cysts in drinking water and swimming pools. It also gives some explanation for the occurence of Acanthamoeba strains in these waters.
SUMMARYThe distribution in the environment of Naegleria fowleri, the causal agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis has been investigated in this study. N. fowleri was isolated only from a thermally polluted canal. These amoeboflagellates were not isolated from another thermally polluted canal in the neighbourhood indicating that, apart from high temperature, other factors are involved in the selective proliferation of N. fowleri. This species was absent in all other samples originating from two canals, a stream, two lakes, several reservoirs and slow sandfilters of a water supply service and also a water distribution network. Many other amoebae able to grow at 420 C. were found in different places. Most of the N. fowleri strains isolated were not virulent for mice, although they showed all the characteristics of the pathogenic strains.
Trends in completed suicide by method were analysed for Belgium between 1968-1972 and 1978-1981, using the information reported on death certificates. Around 1980, hanging was the most preferred method of suicide in both sexes, followed by firearms in males and poisoning by solid and liquid substances in females. Between 1970 and 1980, rates for all but one method (domestic gas) increased. The largest changes among men were seen for firearms and for poisoning, accounting respectively for 43% and 33% of the overall increase. For women, 48% of the rise was attributable to poisoning and 24% to drowning. The choice of method was seen to be influenced by age: hanging and drowning were the preferred methods for older people, whereas poisoning was the most popular among younger adults. The male-female ratio decreased for firearms and was reversed for poisoning and drowning. These findings are compared with trends in other industrialized countries, and the possibilities for suicide prevention by reducing the firearms and poisoning rates are discussed.
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