Cocoa butter improver (CBI) is typically composed of high melting symmetrical triacylglycerols (TAGs) that aid in the hardness of chocolate products in tropical/subtropical regions. High-melting symmetrical TAG (1,3-di-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol, SOS) rich fats were produced by two-stage acetone fractionation. Different chromatographic and thermal techniques were used to determine TAGs, thermal properties, and polymorphic behavior of each bambangan kernel fat (BKF) fraction. The first (S-1) and second (S-2) stearins composed of 55.83% and 64.70% symmetrical SOS were the valuable CBIs produced from the fractionated BKF. The stearin fractions also melted and crystallised rapidly at high temperatures with one maximum peak starting at 20.30-21.74 °C and ending at 38.72-42.45 °C (melting), and another starting at 17.05-18.46 °C and ended at 5.63-8.20 °C (crystallisation). In comparison with pure BKF and commercial cocoa butter (CB), the stearins showed sharper melting curves and higher melting properties. The stearins also exhibited β-polymorphic form which was similar to that of CB. Results suggested that the stearins were suitable to be applied as CBI to improve the melting properties and the availability of confectionery products in tropical/subtropical countries.

One of the pathways to reduce cholesterol production in the liver is through the inhibition of HMG-Coa reductase (HMGCR) by current drugs, statins. However, these have side effects if consumed in prolonged periods. Tangeretin and trans-ethyl caffeate as alternative drugs in reducing hypercholesterolemia and preventing atherosclerosis have never been reported. Their effects on inhibiting HMGCR activity were investigated through enzymatic method ( in vitro and in vivo ). The toxicity property was analyzed on the Serum Glutamate Oxalate Transaminase (SGOT)/Serum Glutamate Piruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels and rat liver histology. The results showed that both compounds inhibited HMGCR activity significantly compare to the control simvastatin ( p < 0.05). Tangeretin which showed very good activity in inhibiting HMGCR (83.8 of % inhibition, equal to simvastatin) was selected and used for anti-hypercholesterolemia in vivo assessment. Furthermore, tangeretin was shown to effectively reduced Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and increased High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels significantly compared to the simvastatin group ( p < 0.05). Tangeretin group was also proven to inhibit HMGCR rat liver activity significantly compare to the control simvastatin ( p < 0.05). The toxicity study on the SGOT/SGPT levels and liver histology revealed that there were no side effects after administration by tangeretin. Results found that both tangeretin and trans-ethyl caffeate are potent candidates as anti-hypercholesterolemia agent in vitro . In addition, tangeretin was also shown to be safe and suitable as an alternative treatment for controlling hypercholesterolemia in vivo as well as have potency for preventing atherosclerosis.

[RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS WITH STUDENTS LEARNING INTEREST IN THE    CHEMISTRY SUBJECTS AT SMA NEGERI 1 TEBAT KARAI AND SMA NEGERI 1 KEPAHIANG] This study aims to measure the significance of relationships of interest in learning chemistry with the result of chemical learning students in class X IPA residing in SMA Negeri 1 Tebat Karai and a in SMA Negeri 1 Kepahiang at 2016/2017 academic year.. The research is the correlation research. The population in this research is the whole  class  of X IPA grade in  SMAN 1 Tebat Karai and SMAN 1 Kepahiang at 2016/2017 academic year with total population 218 students who at was a total sample of research. Data collection techniques in the study used the instruments form of the interest in learning chemistry. Data analysis tested using correlation analysis, test validity, reliability, linear regression and hypothesis testing. Based on the analysis of the data obtained to the conclusion that there was a significant positive relationship between interest in study with the results of the study chemistry well in SMA Negeri 1 Tebat Karai and SMA Negeri 1 Kepahiang, indicated from the value of F test  is greater than F table (30.225 > 3.885) with contributions amounting to 76.4%  with the most significant influence indicator is an understanding of the concept of the learning materials with the value of the average correlation of 0,377, 14. From the results of research conducted obtained the conclusion that that interest in learning affects student learning results in class X SMA Negeri 1 Tebat Karai and SMA Negeri 1 Kepahiang.

No abstract

This study aims to determine the comparison of student learning outcomes using cooperative learning type Teams Games Tournament (TGT) with media snake ladder and media puzzle in class XI SMA Negeri 01 Bengkulu Tengah Year 2017/2018 on the subject of colloidal system. This research is a quasi experimental research with the population of all students of class XI SMA Negeri 01 Bengkulu Tengah and the sample is XI MIPA 3 experiment I applying Snake Ladder media and XI MIPA 4 as experiment class II which apply puzzle media. Student learning outcomes in this study is seen from the difference between pretest and posttest values. In the experimental class I which uses snake ladder media, the average value of the increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes is 43.30. Whereas in the experimental class II that uses media puzzle, the average value of the increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes is 35.97. From a series of statistical tests conducted hypothesis testing using t-test with a significant level of 0.01 obtained tHitung> tTable (2.42> 2.39). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students who were taught by cooperative learning using Snake Media Appliance and Puzzle media. The result of this research can be concluded that  in general the result of student learning by applying cooperative learning model of Team Games Tournament (TGT) type with snake ladder media is higher than with puzzle media on colloidal system subject.