Metropolitan Urban Mamminasata South Sulawesi, Indonesia as the object of study is explored in the core-peripheral spatial interaction towards the formation of suburban service centers. The problems raised in this study are (i) is there a relationship/correlation between spatial integration, spatial interaction, and urban agglomeration to the formation of urban activity systems and (ii) how the formation of urban activity systems works as a determinant of economic growth, land use change and environmental quality degradation towards sustainable development in the metropolitan city of Mamminasata. Comparative studies of suburban areas have been carried out over three time periods (2001, 2015 and 2019). Data elaboration on observations, surveys and documentation is done to describe urban dynamics in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Path analysis is used to address direct effects, indirect effects, differences, and dependencies between urban elements. The gravity model is used to analyze the spatial interactions of the core city with the periphery. The study results show that spatial integration, spatial interaction and urban agglomeration have a positive effect on the system of urban activity and economic growth in the outskirts of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of this study recommend policy makers and urban planners that land use change, spatial integration and urban spatial interactions on the spatial scale of metropolitan cities to require the implementation of sustainable development concepts oriented towards saving the environment, ensuring fairness in economic access and creating social cohesion, in line with meeting national Metropolitan city development targets by 2030.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of slum development, community poverty, and community behavior on environmental degradation in the Tallo river basin in Makassar City and to analyze the effects of natural resource conservation, economic empowerment, community capacity building on the productivity of economic enterprises and ecosystem-based sustainability. This study uses a qualitative-quantitative approach in sequence. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, and documentation. The research findings show that slums, poverty, and community behavior have a significant effect on the decline in the environmental quality of the Tallo river basin in Makassar City, with a coefficient of determination of 32.2%. The results showed that the conservation of natural resources, economic empowerment, and community capacity building were positively correlated to increasing the productivity of community economic enterprises and the sustainability of watershed ecosystems. The assertion is that watershed conservation, integrated with economic empowerment, contributes positively to economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study offers the concept of conservation of natural resources based on community economic empowerment as a solution to the handling of slums for the case of metropolitan cities in Indonesia, to support metropolitan city development programs nationally.

The spatial transformation of new urban areas into industrial urban areas impacts spatial structure, spatial patterns, and environmental degradation. This study aims to analyze the spatial transformation work as a determinant of the development of the new urban area of Metro Tanjung Bunga Makassar and analyze the relationship of spatial expansion, land use change and population increase for the growth of new city areas and the sustainable development of the Metro Tanjung Bunga area, Makassar city. The data for this study has been obtained through observation, surveys and documentation. The research approach used is a sequential explanation. According to the results, that excessive urbanization and maximum compaction led to spatial expansion towards the development of the new urban area of Metro Tanjung Bunga. Moreover, the increase in number has a dominant influence with a value of 32.3% on the growth of the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga, Makassar City. Spatial expansion, land use change, and population increase were determinants of growth factors in the new urban areas and they also had a significant impact on environmental quality degradation. This study recommends the importance of considering the impact of new urban spatial areas for the formulation of strategic policies on sustainable development as an effort to meet national development targets for the case of Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia.

The type of qualitative research through phenomenology approach, the results showed Traders in the traditional market that became the main distribution channel of Indonesian people's agricultural products, currently has not been able to compete with the traders in the modern market. Though not a few people who rely their lives on traders in traditional markets. When hit by the economic crisis, traders in traditional markets are able to support the lives of most Indonesians, both traders and farmers who are only able to market their agricultural products through this market. With the rapid presence of traders in the traditional market impact on the local suppliers who generally cannot go to large retailers.

Type of qualitative research using Phenomenologyapproach. Source of data in this study include: 1) Primary Data Sources, 2) Secondary DataSources. This research instrument is the researchers themselves, in which the researcher asan instrument to obtain accurate data supplied by a variety of methods. Reality in Makassarprove that there is a tendency not balance between providing qualified human resources withrate changes. It is then result in distortions between energy needs with expertise, skills andcompetency are not able to put up certain of educational institutions on the level of humanresource needs in the community. Whereas compliance with those requirements should beobtained from outside the existing educational institutions. A drastic change from the NewOrder became the order of the reform should be the basic foundation for reorientingeducation must reset the system and the pattern of implementation of national education.ABSTRACT: Hernita. Arrangement of human resources to the strengthening of the economyin SMEs in Makassar, Indonesia. Type of qualitative research using Phenomenologyapproach. Source of data in this study include: 1) Primary Data Sources, 2) Secondary DataSources. This research instrument is the researchers themselves, in which the researcher asan instrument to obtain accurate data supplied by a variety of methods. Reality in Makassarprove that there is a tendency not balance between providing qualified human resources withrate changes. It is then result in distortions between energy needs with expertise, skills andcompetency are not able to put up certain of educational institutions on the level of humanresource needs in the community. Whereas compliance with those requirements should beobtained from outside the existing educational institutions. A drastic change from the NewOrder became the order of the reform should be the basic foundation for reorientingeducation must reset the system and the pattern of implementation of national education.