BACKGROUND: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (ADCCR) is the third most cancer not only in the world but also in Indonesia. There were 623 cases of ADCCR at Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital within 2015-2017. Both KRAS and TP53 mutation are known as genes which involve in carcinogenesis through the same pathway, namely the chromosomal instability pathway. In West Java, researches focusing on mutation KRAS and p53 also a correlation between both biomarkers among ADCCR patients are still limited. AIM: Therefore, this research aimed to perceive a correlation between KRAS gene expression with p53 immunoexpression in ADCCR.METHODS: Cross section research design was performed to 62 cases of ADCCR as paraffin block taken from 4 hospitals in West Java, including Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, Santosa hospital Bandung, Borromeus hospital Bandung and Syamsudin hospital Sukabumi from January 1st 2014 to 31s November 2018. KRAS mutation gene data taken from secondary data at molecular laboratory in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta and Dr Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, while the detection of p53 immunoexpression data using immunohistochemical staining was carried out in the Laboratorium of Anatomical Pathology of Padjadjaran University (Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital). All data were analysed using Chi-Square test with p-value < 0,05 of significant level then proceeded with Stata ver.11 for windows.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that KRAS gene expressions from 62 sample consist of 39 wild type KRAS (62.39%) and 23 mutant KRAS (37.1%). The p53 immunoexpression consists of 27 negative cases (non-mutant p53) and 35 mutant p53, which includes 10 cases as focal expression (16.33%) and 25 cases as diffuse expressions (40.33%). There is a significant association between KRAS gene expression and p53 immunoexpressions in ADCCR (p = 0.04), with mild positive correlation (Rho 0.28). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that KRAS and p53 mutations are involved in carcinogenesis, and the p53 mutation is a more dominant risk factor than KRAS mutation among West Java people. P53 mutations with diffuse pattern tend to express mutant KRAS while p53 negative and having a focal pattern tend to express wt KRAS.

AbstrakTerapi target (targeted therapy) pada karsinoma kolorektal merupakan terapi alternatif yang diharapkan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik diantaranya dengan pemberian metabolit aktif vitamin D, yaitu calcitriol dan inhibitor Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase (PI3K). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi imunoekspresi VDR dan PI3K terhadap derajat diferensiasi adenokarsinoma kolorektal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis kategorik dari 30 blok parafin adenokarsinoma kolorektal (kelompok low grade dan high grade masing-masing 15 kasus) dari Departemen Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran/RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Analisis Lambda menunjukkan bahwa imunoekspresi VDR dan PI3K masing-masing memengaruhi diferensiasi adenokarsinoma kolorektal (p=0,029, p=0,0225, R= 0,533). Berdasarkan nilai p, PI3K lebih kuat daripada VDR dalam memengaruhi derajat diferensiasi. Analisis Spearman menunjukkan imunoekspresi VDR dan PI3K tidak terbukti berkorelasi dengan diferensiasi (p=0,186, p>0,05, R: 0,248) secara bersamaan/simultan. Imunoekspresi VDR dan PI3K berkorelasi positif dengan kelompok low grade. Disimpulkan bahwa VDR tidak menggunakan jalur MAPK bersama-sama dengan PI3K dalam memengaruhi diferensiasi adenokarsinoma kolorektal. (p=0.029, p=0.0225, R=0.533). Based on p value, PI3K is stronger than VDR in influencing the degree of differentiation. Spearman analysis showed that simultaneous immunoexpression of VDR and PI3K was not shown to correlate with differentiation (p= 0186, p<0.05, R: 0.248). Positive immunoexpression of VDR and PI3K correlates with low-grade group. It can be concludes that VDR does not use the MAPK pathway together with PI3K to affect differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Fibroepithelial polyps or acrochordons are benign skin tumors of mesenchymal and ectodermal origin. They are seen in 25% of the population, and their frequency increases with age. They are often found in areas with skin folds, such as the neck, axilla, submandibular, or inguinal region. However, they can also be located in the genital tract. Hormone imbalances may facilitate the development of fibroepithelial polyp s (e.g., high levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy). Larger lesions are likely to arise from the proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower. Generally, their size does not exceed 5 millimeters. We present a 28-year-old patient with multiple giant fibroepithelial polyps with size of 20 × 12 × 8   cm and 9 × 4 × 2   cm , located on both sides of her vulva. Herein, we presented our patient along with the review of current literature pertaining to the diagnosis and the treatment of fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) and the factors leading to excessive growth.

AbstrakKeganasan terbanyak ketiga di dunia pada organ kolorektal adalah karsinoma yang berasal dari lapisan epitel mukosa. Modalitas yang digunakan untuk terapi karsinoma kolorektal stadium lanjut selain operasi adalah kemoterapi dan saat ini dikembangkan terapi target sebagai alternatif terapi, yaitu metabolit aktif vitamin D, calcitriol. Calcitriol bekerja sinergis dengan agen kemoterapi yang aktivitasnya dimediasi oleh vitamin D reseptor (VDR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi imunoekspresi VDR dengan stadium dan derajat diferensiasi Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignancy from mucosal epithelium of the colon/rectum. The treatment modalities used for advance stage colorectal carcinoma therapy is chemotherapy, in addition to surgery. Targeted therapy is currently being developed as an alternative therapy. One of the agents used in this therapy is calcitriol. Calcitriol is an active metabolite of vitamin D. Calcitriol works synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents and its activity is mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR plays a role in the inhibition of tumor progression via induction of cellular differentiation and proliferation inhibition. In this study, imunoexpression of vitamin D receptor was examined in conjunction with the staging and degree of differentiation (grading) of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The study objects include 35 colorectal adenocarcinoma paraffin blocks created from colectomy which were collected at the Department of Patology Anatomic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from January 2009-June 2014. The blocks were divided into three groups of staging (I, II, and III) and three groups of grading: well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the VDR immunoexspression by histo-score. The data were tested using rank spearman test. There was a weak negative correlation between VDR imunoexpression and staging(p=0.045, R=-0.341), and a moderate positive correlation between VDR imunoexpression and grading (p=0.000, R=0.558). It is concluded that a significant correlation of VDR imunoexpression with staging and grading of colorectal adenocarcinoma is found and this finding can be used as a reference for further studies in the development of targeted therapies. [MKB. 2016;48(2):123-8]