Purpose. To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus intravitreal injection (IVI) of ranibizumab (RBZ) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) associated with vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIA). Methods. The records of patients presenting with DME and VMIA throughout 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I received IVIs of RBZ and group II underwent PPV with internal limiting membrane peeling. The main outcome measures were the change in the LogMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and central subfield thickness (CSFT) on optical coherence tomography over 6 months. Results. At 6 months, mean CDVA improved by 0.22 ± 0.21 in group I patients p < 0.001 , while in group II, it improved only by 0.09 ± 0.22 p < 0.115 . Fifty-five percent of group I and 60% of group II patients had stable CDVA (within 2 lines from baseline) at 6 months. Significant improvement in vision (gain of 2 or more lines) was seen in 45% and 30%, respectively. Worsening of vision (loss of 2 or more lines) was seen only in 2 patients in group II, but none in group I. The mean CSFT improved significantly in both groups (by 162 µ and 216 µ, respectively; p < 0.001 ). The mean CSFT at 6 months was similar in both groups (354 µ and 311 µ, respectively; p = 0.172 ). Conclusions. Both treatments resulted in anatomical improvement of DME with concurrent VMIA. Visual improvement was more pronounced in the IVI group, although this may have been affected by other confounding factors.

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After phacoemulsification of senile cataract in eyes with corneal astigmatism, optical rehabilitation with toric IOL implantation is extremely safe, effective, predictable, and stable in attaining low postoperative refractive error and excellent postoperative visual acuity in operated eyes.-For phacoemulsification of senile cataracts in eyes with corneal astigmatism, the Barret formula is excellent for calculating toric IOL power. -Based on biometric calculations, the IOL Master 700 total keratometry and standard keratometry, there is no practical difference in the postoperative results of toric IOL implantation for phacoemulsification of senile cataract in eyes with corneal astigmatism.Subjects: This study included 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery with implantation of toric IOL and with the following criteria: Patients with visually significant senile cataract, regular corneal astigmatism ranging from one to four diopters and axial length between 19 to 24 millimeters. Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective interventional study on patients presenting to and operated upon in the Ophthalmology Department of Alexandria Main University Hospital. The procedure was explained to eligible subjects and written informed consent was provided by all patients before enrollment in the study The IOL Master 700 was used, to measure different parameters and calculate the toric intraocular lens (IOL) power using the Barrett formula.In IOL Master 700 standard k group, the anterior keratometry was used.In IOL Master 700 total k group, the total keratometry was used taking into consideration the posterior corneal astigmatism .

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