Background: Syphilis is one of the major causes of adverse outcomes in pregnancy in developing countries. Antenatal screening for syphilis aims primarily at timely detecting & treating pregnant women with congenitally transmissible syphilis, there by preventing perinatal deaths. Objective: To study prevalence of syphilis in antenatal women by screening them with the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) & rapid immunochromatographic (ICT) method. Materials and Methods: A total of 2258 pregnant women attending antenatal care from January to December 2018 were tested for Syphilis by RPR & rapid ICT. Results: Out of 2258 women screened during their antenatal visits, 12 (0.53%) were positive by RPR as well as rapid ICT test method. Conclusion(s): Early detection of syphilis in pregnancy is the best tool for prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal screening of syphilis with Rapid plasma regain (RPR) and Rapid immunochromatography (ICT) is sensitive, specific, rapid and cost-effective method.

In India, Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major community health problems.Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a respiratory disease. Causative organism for this is acid fast bacilli known as . It is the most ordinary disease affecting the lower socio-economic class in developing countries. Microbiological diagnosis is the heart for the effective treatment of pulmonary TB (PTB). The look forrapid and efficient method has resulted in several staining techniques. Objective of the study was to compare the results of ZN stain (RNTCP) with fluorescent stain by use of microscopy. The study was carried out in Microbiology Department, SMCGH, Amreli. 350 sputum samples (Spot and early morning sample) collected from 175 suspected case of the pulmonary tuberculosis. All 350 samples were processed by ZN stain and Fluorescent stain to detect acid fast bacilli. By use of microscope, the results of the stained smears were given according to RNTCP guideline.Out of 350 sputum smears, 52 (14.85%) and 61 (17.4%) were positive by ZN and FM staining respectively. Males are predominantly affected than females. Majority of the patients were in age above 50 years. Early morning samples were more reliable than spot samples for detection of acid fast bacilli for ZN stain, but not for fluorescent stain.Fluorescent staining with LED microscopy was more efficient than ZN staining for detection of acid fast bacilli from sputum smear.

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