Abstract'yb T cell receptor-positive cells ('yb T cells) 'yb T cell activation was significantly higher than a13 T cell activation at the early stage ofillness (P < 0.01 ). When peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals were cultured with live salmonella, 'y T cells were preferentially activated and expanded and most of them expressed Vy 9. Purified 'yS T cells also responded to live salmonella in vitro. The present study suggests that human ' T cells play a role in the protection against salmonella infection in vivo. (J. Clin. Invest. 1992. 90:204-210.)

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An unusual rotavirus strain, Ryukyu-1120, with G5P[6] genotypes (RVA/Human-wt/JPN/Ryukyu-1120/2011/G5P[6]) was identified in a stool specimen from a hospitalized child aged 4 years who showed diarrhoea and encephalopathy. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of strain Ryukyu-1120. On whole genomic analysis, this strain was found to have a unique genotype constellation: G5-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The VP6 and NSP1 genotypes I5 and A8 are those commonly found in porcine strains. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated that each of the 11 genes of strain Ryukyu-1120 appeared to be of porcine origin. Thus, strain Ryukyu-1120 was found to have a porcine rotavirus genetic backbone and is likely to be of porcine origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of wholegenome-based characterization of the emerging G5P[6] strains in Asian countries. Our observations will provide important insights into the origin of G5P [6] strains and the dynamic interactions between human and porcine rotavirus strains.