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We have experienced ten cases of pseudomembranous enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy, all in which histological examinaitons revealed the patched pseudomembranous formation. The disease was as common in females as shown in the male-to-female ratio of 2:8. Early symptoms were commonly diarrhoea, fever and abdominal pain in the 8 survival cases, while nausea, vomitting and abdominal distention (palalytic ileus) in the 2 days in the latter, indicating a significant shorter duration from the chemotherapy to the onset of initial symptoms in the non-survival cases. Two out of the survival cases were accidentally injected the same antibiotic as previous causative one for the disease, but no clinical signs and symptoms were found.