The device demonstrates satisfactory reproducibility of voluntary patient breath holding easily and inexpensively and may offer a convenient device for easy use during irradiation with voluntary breath-holding conditions that require a small internal margin.
A fish pathogen, Vibrio cholerae non-Ol, was isolated from diseased ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) collected from rivers in eight prefectural districts of Japan. This organism was found to have biochemical characteristics similar to those of V. cholerae non-O1, except that our isolates were negative for ornithine decarboxylase. Antiserum against an ayu isolate did not agglutinate with the majority of environmental V. cholerae non-Ol isolates, but a major 0 antigen was common among the ayu isolates. All strains were hemolytic to sheep
MicroCorrespondence
A retroelement in Vibrio choleraeSir, Cholera is an epidemic diarrhoeal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae (Faruque et al., 1998, J Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62: 1301±1314). Until recently, only the O1 serotype of V. cholerae has been
The occurrence and characterization of toxigenic vibrios in surface water and sediment samples of the fresh water environment of the Ohta River were studied. The membrane filter, pad preenrichment technique, followed by the placement of membranes onto thiosulfate citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar, was used for the enumeration of total vibrios. Qualitative examination of pathogenic vibrios was also attempted. In addition, a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Clostridium botulinum in sediment samples of the Ohta River and the Hiroshima coast. In the identification of 361 strains, 12 species of Vibrio and two species of Listonella were observed. Non-Ol Vibrio chokrae was prevalent among the members of the genus Vibrio. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (serotype 04:K34), isolated in fresh water, is significant and suggests that some still unknown conditions promote the survival of these organisms in fresh water. An estimated 132 strains were hemolytic by a simple agar method, and further characterization revealed that 82% of the hemolytic vibrios (107 strains) produced various toxins. About 71% (93 strains) elaborated cytotoxin, 55% (72 strains) produced hemolysin, and 44% (58 strains) responded for both cytotoxin and hemolysin in the crude toxin extracts. All the non-Ol V. cholerae showed cytotoxic activity, and the virulent strains of Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio spp. showed cytotonic responses in RK-13 cells. Of 36 sediment samples tested, 10 harbored C. botulinum spores (28%) and were isolated invariably in all the regions of the Hiroshima coast and in the Ohta River, except the upper region of the Ohta River.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.