An efficient choline chloride-based DES method is used to extract curcumin in turmeric residue for the first time.

Twenty-seven constituents were identified by using GC/MS, representing 99.57% of the rhizome oil of Distichochlamys benenica. The major constituents of the essential oil are 1,8-cineole (54.39%), β-pinene (7.50%), (E)-citral (7.26%), and (Z)-citral (6.79%). The rhizome essential oil has anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with an IC50 value of 136.63 ± 2.70 mg/mL.

A new spirostanol steroid, aspidiata A (1), and a new spirostanol steroidal saponin, aspidiata B (2), along with three known compounds, paris saponin VII (3), daucosterol (4), and (25R)-spirostane-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β-hexol (5), were isolated from whole plants of Aspidistra triradiata collected in Vietnam. Their chemical structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previously published data. Compound 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against LU-1, Hep-G2, MCF-7, and KB human cancer cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values ranging from 0.57 to 1.23 µM. Compound 5 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against the LU-1 cell line, with an IC 50 value of 95.81 µM.

Aspidiatas C and D (1 and 2), two new spirostanol saponins, were isolated along with two knownfrom the whole plant of Aspidistra triradiata collected in Vietnam. The chemical structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D-and 2D-NMR analysis, and comparison with published data. Compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MCF7, HepG2, SK-LU-1, and HT-29 human cancer cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 0.19 to 0.65 µM. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 displayed moderate cytotoxic effects with IC 50 values ranging from 12.32 to 82.27 µM. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from the genus Aspidistra for the first time.