Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde and benzene are among the key contributors to indoor air pollution. The current situation of environmental pollution is alarming, where especially the indoor air pollution is becoming challenge as affecting the plants and humans. VOCs are known to adversely affect indoor plants such as causing necrosis and chlorosis. In order to withstand these organic pollutants, plants are naturally equipped with antioxidative defense system. The current research study was aimed to evaluate the combined effect of formaldehyde and benzene on antioxidative response of selected indoor plants namely Chlorophytum, Dracaena and Ficus. After the combined application of different levels (2, 2; 2, 4; 4, 2 & 4, 4 ppm) of formaldehyde and benzene in an airtight glass chamber, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed. Analysis of various non enzymatic assays showed significant increase in the total phenolics to 10.72 mgGAE/g in Ficus; Chlorophytum (9.20 mgGAE/g) & Dracaena (8.74 mgGAE/g) as compared to their respective controls i-e, 3.76, 5.39 & 6.07 mgGAE/g. Total flavonoids in Ficus were also increased to1545.72 µg/g from 724 µg/g (in control) followed by 322.66 µg/g in Dracaena (control having only 167.11 µg/g) while total carotenoids content also increased in Dracaena (0.67 mg/g) followed by Chlorophytum (0.63 mg/g) while increasing the combined dose as compared to their control plants having only 0.62 and 0.24 mg/g content. The maximum increase in enzymatic antioxidants including total antioxidants (87.89%), catalase (59.21 U/mg) and guaiacol peroxidase (52.16 U/mg) was observed in Dracaena plant under combined dose of benzene (2 ppm) and formaldehyde (4 ppm). Although the experimental indoor plants have been reported to metabolize the indoor pollutants, but the current findings indicate that both benzene and formaldehydes are also affecting the physiology of indoor plants.

Background: The study presents the critical discourse analysis of Muniba Mazari speech (confined to one speech about her life struggles in her own words in TEDx) to unveil the concept of empowering women by sharing life struggles in Pakistani socio-cultural context. Muniba Mazari is UN representative of women of Pakistan and considered as the 'iron lady of Pakistan' that is why in this research her one speech at TEDx Malaysia in 2017,which went viral on social media. Her life story and struggle in the form of speech is analyzed by using Textual dimension of Three dimensional model of Fairclough (1989) approach to critical discourse analysis which is integrated with M.A.K. Halliday's (1985) Systematic Functional Grammar (SFG). Methodology: This qualitative study analyzed linguistic elements used by Muniba Mazari in her speech while sharing her life struggles in order to unveil the concept of women empowerment. Results: The finding include the excessive use of Pronoun 'I' which shows the explicit power as a woman. By using words with negative connotation like 'disable' she gave new direction to look at these words which have negative connation. Moreover, the key findings include how she was trapped in her societal customs and at last after her tragedy she took step for herself. Conclusion: This study will play an important role in the emerging trend of women empowerment in Pakistan by analyzing the language of an iron lady of Pakistan.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde and benzene are among the key contributors to indoor air pollution. The current situation of environmental pollution is alarming, where especially the indoor air pollution is becoming challenge as affecting the plants and humans. VOCs are known to adversely affect indoor plants such as causing necrosis and chlorosis. In order to withstand these organic pollutants, plants are naturally equipped with antioxidative defense system. The current research study was aimed to evaluate the combined effect of formaldehyde and benzene on antioxidative response of selected indoor plants namely Chlorophytum, Dracaena and Ficus. After the combined application of different levels (2, 2; 2, 4; 4, 2 & 4, 4 ppm) of formaldehyde and benzene in an airtight glass chamber, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed. Analysis of various non enzymatic assays showed signi cant increase in the total phenolics to 10.72 mgGAE/g in Ficus; Chlorophytum (9.20 mgGAE/g) & Dracaena (8.74 mgGAE/g) as compared to their respective controls i-e, 3.76, 5.39 & 6.07 mgGAE/g. Total avonoids in Ficus were also increased to1545.72 µg/g from 724 µg/g (in control) followed by 322.66 µg/g in Dracaena (control having only 167.11 µg/g) while total carotenoids content also increased in Dracaena (0.67 mg/g) followed by Chlorophytum (0.63 mg/g) while increasing the combined dose as compared to their control plants having only 0.62 and 0.24 mg/g content. The maximum increase in enzymatic antioxidants including total antioxidants (87.89%), catalase (59.21 U/mg) and guaiacol peroxidase (52.16 U/mg) was observed in Dracaena plant under combined dose of benzene (2 ppm) and formaldehyde (4 ppm). Although the experimental indoor plants have been reported to metabolize the indoor pollutants, but the current ndings indicate that both benzene and formaldehydes are also affecting the physiology of indoor plants.

Purpose:  To find out the color vision defects among textile mill workers in Lahore. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  University of Lahore from June 2019 to December 2019. Methods:  Study was done at different textile mills in Lahore, Pakistan. Self-designed proforma was used to record data including age, gender, occupation, any medication or surgery. The workers with best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 and refractive error less than 3.00 D of sphere or astigmatism less than 1 D of cylinder with no history of ocular surgeries were included in the study. Color vision was assessed using Ishihara Isochromatic color plates. Examination of the anterior segment and posterior segment was done by using slit lamp Biomicroscopy and 90 D of condensing lens.Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results:  During this study 1,250 textile mill workers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Six hundred fifty were males and 600 were females. Only 10 workers were suffering from color vision deficiency, which was 0.8% of the total sample size. All of the color vision deficiency patients were male of different age group. Conclusion:  It has been concluded that although textile industry is based on colors, there is no proper color vision examination in our textile sector. Colour vision deficiency awareness should be increased so that everyone in the community is well aware of it. The test of color vision must be made compulsory in pre-employment examination at public and private sector at every Level.