During nine consecutive nights in July 2007 (from 18:15-05:45 h), mosquitoes landing-biting on humans were collected outdoors and indoors at the Turkey-Armenia border. A total of 1005 females were collected consisting of nine species. The dominant species was Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) (47.5% of total catch), followed by Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas) (22.9%), Culex theileri (Theobald) (9.3%),Ae. vexans (Meigen) (6.6%), Ae. caspius (Pallas) (4.9%),Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (Meigen) (3.1%), Culex territans (Walker) (2.8%), Coquillettidia richiardii (Ficalbi) (1.6%), and Cx. pipiens L. (1.5%). The biting rate outdoors (15.1 mosquitoes/human/h) was greater than indoors (3.4 mosquitoes/human/h). The landing-biting of Ae. dorsalis peaked at dusk (19:15-19:45 h) and dawn (04:15-04:45 h). Ae. vexans activity increased soon after dark (20:15-20:45 h) and reached a peak at dawn (04:15-04:45 h). Maximum biting activity of An. hyrcanus and Cx. theileri occurred during the first sampling interval after dusk (20:15-20:45 h). A large number of An. maculipennis s.l. adults were collected during the second half of the night. We believe that these findings will contribute to decisions on the timing of mosquito control in Ararat Valley.

During nine consecutive nights in July 2007 (from 18:15-05:45 h), mosquitoes landing-biting on humans were collected outdoors and indoors at the Turkey-Armenia border. A total of 1005 females were collected consisting of nine species. The dominant species was Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) (47.5% of total catch), followed by Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas) (22.9%), Culex theileri (Theobald) (9.3%),Ae. vexans (Meigen) (6.6%), Ae. caspius (Pallas) (4.9%),Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (Meigen) (3.1%), Culex territans (Walker) (2.8%), Coquillettidia richiardii (Ficalbi) (1.6%), and Cx. pipiens L. (1.5%). The biting rate outdoors (15.1 mosquitoes/human/h) was greater than indoors (3.4 mosquitoes/human/h). The landing-biting of Ae. dorsalis peaked at dusk (19:15-19:45 h) and dawn (04:15-04:45 h). Ae. vexans activity increased soon after dark (20:15-20:45 h) and reached a peak at dawn (04:15-04:45 h). Maximum biting activity of An. hyrcanus and Cx. theileri occurred during the first sampling interval after dusk (20:15-20:45 h). A large number of An. maculipennis s.l. adults were collected during the second half of the night. We believe that these findings will contribute to decisions on the timing of mosquito control in Ararat Valley.

Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) and Dirofilaria repens (Railliet & Henry, 1911) are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes that primarily affect dogs, causing heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariosis. The canine heartworm is reported in different provinces in Turkey. However, studies about the transmitting mosquito species are limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate potential vectors of D. immitis and D. repens in Aras Valley, Turkey. In total, 17,995 female mosquitoes were collected from eight villages during three mosquito seasons (2012–2014) in Aras Valley, located in north-eastern Turkey. A total of 1,054 DNA pools (527 abdomen and 527 head-thorax) were tested with Dirofilaria primers by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Aedes caspius was the most abundant species in collection sites with 90%; this was followed by Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) (7.31%), Anopheles maculipennis Meigen 1818 (Diptera: Culicidae) (1.28%), Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) (0.43%), (Anopheles) hyrcanus (Pallas, 1771) (Diptera: Culicidae) (0.37%), Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Culicidae) (0.25%), and Culiseta annulata Schrank, 1776 (Diptera:Culicidae) (0.02%). Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens were detected in mosquito pools from five villages. The total Dirofilaria spp. estimated infection rate was 1.33%. The highest estimated infection rate was found in Ae. vexans (6.66%) and the lowest was in Ae. caspius (1.26%). The results show that An. maculipennis sl, Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans, Cx. theileri and Cx. pipiens are potential vectors of D. immitis and D. repens with DNA in head-thorax pools; An. hyrcanus is also a likely vector, but Dirofilaria DNA was found only in abdomen pools for the study area. This study revealed new potential vector species for D. immitis. Mosquitoes with natural infections of D. repens were reported for the first time in Turkey.

Amaç: İstilacı sivrisinek türleri tüm kıtalarda büyük problem olup birçok alanda sivrisinek kökenli ciddi hastalık salgınlarına neden olabilmektedir. Avrupa Kıtasındaki son araştırmalar, pek çok otonom chikungunya vakalarının, istilacı Aedes albopictus ve Aedes aegypti türleri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu türlerin ve diğer istilacı Aedine sivrisinek türlerinin kapsamlı şekilde izlenmesi, muhtemel salgınları önlemek ve zamanında müdahale etmek için gereklidir. Bu çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde izleme ve kontrol çalışmalarının başarısı üzerine odaklanmıştır. Yöntem: İzleme çalışması 2016-2017 vektör aktif sezonda ve üç şehirde ECDC ve CDC yönergelerine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol çalışmaları, 2017 vektör aktif sezonun ikinci yarısında T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Zoonotik ve Vektörel Hastalıklar Dairesi denetimi altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Larva kontrolü için IGR, Bti/ Bs karışımı ile sıvı Bti kullanılmıştır. Ergin kontrolü için farklı pyrethroidler, nikotini taklit eden maddeler ve doğal ürünler kullanılmıştır. Popülasyon dalgalanmaları ABSTRACT Objective: Invasive mosquito species are a huge problem worldwide and can cause serious mosquito borne disease epidemics. Recent surveys in Europe revealed that many autocthonous cases of chikungunya are related to the invasive Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti species. Extensive surveillance of these species and other invasive Aedine mosquito species is required for the prevention and timely response to possible outbreaks. This study focuses on surveillance and control operation success in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Methods: This surveillance study was performed during the 2016-2017 vector active season. Three cities were surveyed according to ECDC and CDC guidelines. Control operations were performed during the second half of the 2017 active season under the supervision of the Turkish Ministry of Health's Zoonotic and Vectorborne Diseases Department. IGR, a Bti/Bs mix and liquid Bti were used for larval control. Different pyrethroids, nicotine mimics and natural products were used for

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