In this study, serum biochemistry and native protein electrophoresis in newborn calves with diarrhea and arthritis, were performed in order to evaluate the changes along with clinical findings for their possible application in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Based on clinical examination, animals were allotied into two groups comprising either diseased or healthy animals. Urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, LDH, albumin, total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid and iron levels were determined in the sera. Serum protein native polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (nPAGE) was performed followed by protein band ratio estimation supported with densitometry at 596 nm. Differences between the average mean of healthy and diseased animals were compared statistically (Kruskal-Walley test). In this study a decrease in serum glucose and cholesterol values (p<0.001), increase in urea, LDH levels and α1-and α2-globulin levels (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively) were found to be associated with the disease. As a result, the observed significant changes in biochemical parameters and clinical investigation in calves, suggesting acute inflammation causing the decrease in glucose and increase in α-globulins, may be of prognostic value

Aim. Constipation is one of the most common complaints of the digestive system indicated with an increase in defecation frequency, difficulty in defecation, and hard and strained defecation. Environmental, personal, and genetic factors may be affecting constipation although the affecting factors have not yet been thoroughly explained. The aim of this study was to investigate constipation frequency and lifestyles in medical students. Method. The population was selected among medical students for the study, which was planned as a survey study. Demographic data of all the participants and the factors suggested to affect constipation were questioned and analyzed. Results. The study covered a total of 425 medical students. Among the students reporting constipation, 2.86% were in their first year of medical school, while 7.53% were in the third year and 9.09% were in the sixth year. The rate of students reporting constipation and familial history was statistically significant. While regular eating habits were reported in the first and third years, this rate was much lower in the sixth year group working at clinical departments. The results of our study did not reveal any significant relationship between daily intake of water and constipation. There was, however, a significant relationship between stress and constipation. Conclusion. The results of our study showed that medical education did not curb constipation frequency. We believe that stress is significant in constipation. The data we collected indicate that regular eating habits and excess liquid intake are not as effective as suggested in the treatment of constipation.

Mammary cancer is one of the leading causes of death in pet population. Early diagnosis and malignancy detection is important for prognosis. The levels of neopterin, sialic acid and nitric oxide in serum of dogs with malignant mammary tumours were evaluated to investigate the importance of these biochemical parameters for malign mammary tumour. Twelve healthy dogs and twenty dogs with malignant mammary tumours were used as research materials. Blood samples were collected from both groups for neopterin analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas nitric oxide and sialic acid were measured by modified nitrate reductase method and spectrophotometry, respectively. Tissue specimens were evaluated and defined as malignant tumours. Serum nitric oxide and sialic acid levels in dogs with mammary tumours were significantly higher than those in the healthy dogs. Serum neopterin levels were not found significantly different in dogs with mammary tumours compared to healthy dogs. Malignancy of canine mammary tumours are accompained by an elevation of nitric oxide and sialic acid levels.

ÖzetKarbonhidrat, lipid ve protein metabolizmalarında önemli fonksiyonları olan krom, memeliler için temel besin maddelerinden biridir. Krom pikolinat (Cr(pic)3), insüline duyarlı hücre membranlarında etki göstererek insülin etkinliğini reseptör düzeyinde arttırmaktadır. Bu makalede deneysel olarak streptozotosin (STZ) ile Tip 1 diyabet oluşturulan ratların içme sularına 80 µg/kg dozunda krom pikolinat eklenerek serum glikoz, paraoksonaz, insülin, HbA1C düzeyleri ve serum lipid profili üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 30 erkek Wistar Albino rat 4 gruba ayrılmış, diyabet ve diyabet+krom grubuna diyabet oluşturulmak üzere (65 mg/ kg) tek doz STZ intraperitonal uygulanmıştır. Diyabet oluşumunu takiben 5 hafta boyunca diyabet+krom ve krom grubundakilerin içme sularına 80 µg/kg dozunda krom pikolinat suda çözünerek eklenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre HbA1C düzeyleri diyabet ve diyabet+krom grubundakilerde anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken (P<0.001), diyabet+krom grubunun sonuçları diyabet grubuna göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Diyabet grubunun serum paraoksonaz sonuçları anlamlı derecede düşük bulunurken (P<0.01) krom verilen diyabet grubunda diyabete rağmen artış göstermiştir. Bunun sebebinin kromun lipid metabolizmasını olumlu yönde etkilemesi olarak düşünülebilir, çünkü paraoksonaz enzimi HDL bünyesinde bulunmaktadır. Diyabet + krom grubunun insülin düzeyinde diyabet grubuna göre önemli bir artış saptanmıştır ki; bunun kromun β hücreleri üzerindeki insülin stimülasyonunu arttırması sonucu oluştuğu düşünülebilir. Sonuç olarak krom, son yıllarda insülin ile ilişkisi en çok araştırılan elementlerin başında gelmektedir. Krom, reseptör uyarılmasında veya insülin sekresyonunun arttırılmasında rol oynayan önemli bir eser element olup, öneri olarak diyabetik hastaların diyetlerine eklenebilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Diabetes mellitus, Krom pikolinat, Paraoksonaz, Lipid profili The Biochemical Effects of Dietary Chromium in Experimental Diabetic Rats With Streptozotocin SummaryChromium is the main dietary supplement for mammals which has important functions at carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms. Chromium picolinate (Cr(pic)3) may improve insülin sensivity by enhancing intracelluler insülin receptor. In this study we investigated the effects of chromium picolinate at experimental diabetic rats with streptozotocin (STZ). With this purpose serum glucose, insuline, paraoxonase, lipid and HbA1C levels were examined. Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were used which divided into 4 groups. Diabet and diabet+chromium groups were injected STZ intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg). After diabet is formed, Cr(pic)3 was added to drinking water of diabet and diabet+chromium groups (80 µg/kg) for five weeks.. Control and chromium groups had lower serum HbA1C levels than the other groups (P<0.001), but diabet+chromium had lower results than diabet group. Serum paraoxonase levels of diabet group were also lower than the other groups (P<0.01). It means that the activity of paraoxonase is still high in diabet+chromium group in spi...

Öz: Flor halojen ailesinin bir üyesi olup elektronegatifliği yüksek bir elementtir. Florun organizmaya ve hücre içerisine girişiyle süper oksit üretimi artar. Bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan hidrojen peroksit, peroksinitrit ve hidroksil radikalleri florun reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) ile ilişkisinde belirleyici rol oynar. ROS'daki artış lipid, protein ve DNA moleküllerinde yıkımlanmaya sebep olur. Florid İle temas sonucunda vücutta stres cevabı faktörlerinde, sinyal transdüksiyon bileşiklerinde, ve apopitozisle ilişkili proteinleri kodlayan gen ekspresyon düzeylerinde artış ortaya çıkar. Florun hücresel düzeydeki bu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, Türkiye'de var olan florozis sorununa yeni çözüm önerilebilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.