In study, it was aimed to determine the stress effects that can be caused by transporting and altitude in sheep. Karayaka sheeps were used in the study. Karayaka sheeps are a valuable breed of meat quality and fleece, which is raised in the Black Sea region. The live weight of the sheep (n = 30) while hungry was determined before transport and sea level. Average live weight was determined as 55.64 ± 4.66 kg. Blood samples were collected just before (sea level) and just after transport (1500 meters above sea level). Transportation distance was approximately 182 km and duration was 5 hours. According to the findings, cortisol was not affected by transport stress and altitude (P>0.05) and Triiyodotironin (T3) (P<0.039) and Tyrosine (T4) (P<0.000) were affected significantly. Malondialchehyche (MDA), which is one of the oxidative stress parameters, was significantly affected (P<0.039) and Protein Carbonyl (PC) values were not affected by transport and altitude (P>0.184). As a result of this study, it was determined that transportation and altitude in sheep causes stress. Stress-reducing measures should be taken in the exposure of sheep to altitude differences and in transportation. Antioxidant nutritional supplements should be made in order not to negatively affect the meat quality in sheep.

Bu araştırma, Saanen x Kıl (S x K) keçi genotipleri (F1, G1 ve G2) ve Kıl keçilerinde büyüme ve yaşama gücünü ve etkili faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Amasya ili Sarılar köyünde özel bir işletmede yetiştirilen 24 baş S x K F1, 91 baş S x K G1, 14 baş S x K G2 ve 53 baş Kıl keçisi oğlakları ile yürütülmüştür. Oğlakların doğum, 1 ay, 2.5 ay ve 6 ay canlı ağırlıkları üzerine genotip, doğum tipi ve cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Ana yaşının oğlakların doğum ve 2.5 ay canlı ağırlıkları üzerine etkisinin önemli (P<0.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sütten kesim döneminde (2.5 ay) vücut ölçülerinden vücut uzunluğu (VU), cidago yüksekliği (CY), ön incik çevresi (ÖİÇ), göğüs çevresi (GÇ) ve sağrı yüksekliği (SY) üzerine genotipin etkisi önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Oğlakların 2.5 ay vücut ölçülerinden göğüs derinliği (GD) üzerine cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P<0.05), VU, ÖİÇ, GÇ ve göğüs genişliği (GG) üzerine doğum tipinin etkisinin önemli (P<0.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dokuz aylık vücut ölçülerinden GÇ ve SY genotipten önemli (P<0.05) düzeyde etkilenmiş, CY ve ÖİÇ ise cinsiyetten önemli düzeyde (P<0.05) etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada S x K G2 melez erkek oğlakların yaşama gücünün (% 87.5) S x K G2 dişi oğlaklardan (% 50.0) yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yetiştirici koşullarında Saanen ile Kıl keçi arasındaki melezlemelerde Saanen ırkının kan derecesinin artmasıyla doğan melez oğlaklarda büyüme özellikleri ve yaşama gücünün olumsuz etkilenebileceği ve çevre koşullarına karşı duyarlılıklarının artabileceği söylenebilir.

This research Amasya Sarilar (40°54'23"N, 35°08'min5"E), a private business in the years 2011-2012 between the grown Saanen x Kil goat crosbred (F1, G1) and Kil goat in the fertility characteristics to detect and genotype on these features, year was conducted to determine the effects of such factors. In the study of reproductive traits for the year 2011 only twin goats giving birth rate among genotypes were found statistically difference. The twin birth rate of Kil goat was similar in F1 crosbred and G1 is different from both genotypes were found. In 2012, the remaining infertile among genotypes goat, dead goat giving birth and twin goats rate has been determined that there are statistical differences. Infertility rate, Saanen x Kil goat F1, G1 crosbred was found to be higher than in the Kil goat. Twin goat giving birth rate F1 genotypes in high, genotypes G1 and Kil goats find similar.

Abstract. This research aimed to determine the effects of body weight, the body condition score (BCS), body measurements, birth type (single offspring or twin birth), birth weight and sex on the gestational length in sheep (n=111). Karayaka sheep raised on a private farm were used in the study. Progeny yield characteristics in sheep were also determined (n=139). Estrus was monitored daily using teaser rams from August to September 2016. According to our findings, the pregnancy rate, infertility rate, fecundity, and twin and single birth rates were 93.52 %, 6.48 %, 93.52 %, 14.62 % and 85.38 % respectively. The effect of age on the BCS in sheep at mating was found to be significant (P<0.05): BCS decreased as age increased. It was determined that there was a positive association between the BCS and live weight during the mating period (P<0.001). The chest circumference, front shin circumference and body length were found to be higher in sheep with a BCS ≥ 4.5 at mating time (P<0.01). The middle rump width was significantly affected by the BCS (P<0.001). In this study, the lowest and highest gestational lengths were found to be 148.90 and 151.41 d respectively. The gestational length in sheep was not found to be affected by age, the BCS, body measurements, sex or birth type (P>0.05); however, it was observed that the gestational lengths for male offspring and single offspring (non-multiple births) were longer. In addition, it was detected that the gestational length was different in sheep with a BCS ≥ 4.5. The time spent in the womb is important with respect to obtaining a healthy lamb. For profitable production, a BCS of between 2.5 and 4 is recommended in sheep. It is thought that the use of body condition scoring, which is easy information for the breeder to utilize, will have a positive effect on determining the bodily reserves of sheep and the reproductive efficiency as well as on obtaining a healthy lamb. More studies on the gestational length in sheep are required.

The Black Sea Region has a convenient structure for small ruminants in livestock activities thanks to its mountainous, rugged terrain, climate and socio-economic structure. Ordu is the third largest city of the Black Sea Region. The purpose of this research is to determine the current status of small ruminant in Ordu province and offer solutions by defining the problems.