Abstrak : Rehabilitasi mangrove merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi laju kerusakan hutan mangrove di Indonesia salah satunya di kawasan Teluk Gerupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi mangrove hasil rehabilitasi di Teluk Gerupuk dengan mebandingkan struktur vegetasi mangrove di kawasan tersebut dengan ekosistem mangrove alami. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni 2019 di dua kawasan hutan mangrove di pesisir selatan pulau Lombok yaitu hutan mangrove alami desa Pemongkong dan hutan mangrove rehabilitasi Teluk Gerupuk. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek berpetak dengan ukuran petak 10 x 10 m untuk tipe pohon, sub petak 5 x 5 m untuk tipe pancang, dan petak semai berukuran 2 x 2 m. Terdapat 11 spesies mangrove ditemukan di dalam plot penelitian dengan persebaran spesies yaitu 8 spaesies ditemukan di hutan mangrove alami Pemongkong dan hanya 7 spesies ditemukan di hutan mangrove rehabilitasi Gerupuk. Spesies mangrove yang dimaksud termasuk ke dalam 4 famili yaitu Avicenniaceae (Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. lanata), Rhizophoraceae (Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa), Rubiaceae (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae) dan Sonneratiaceae (Sonneratia alba, S. casiolaris). Struktur vegetasi kedua ekosistem sangat berbeda terlihat pada vegetasi penyusunnya. Hutan mangrove alami Pemongkong didominasi oleh jenis Sonneratia alba dan Avicennia alba yang memiliki Indeks nilai penting (INP) untuk tipe pohon dan pancang dengan nilai masing-masing 132,37 dan 141,52, sedangkan hutan mangrove rehabilitasi didapatkan INP tertinggi pada tipe pohon dan pancang yaitu jenis R. apiculata dan R. stylosa dengan INP berturut-turut 140,5 dan 116,41. Rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dengan metode yang selama ini dilakukan telah mengubah struktur vegetasi hutan mangrove di Pulau Lombok yang juga dapat mempengaruhi fauna asosiasi dan ekosistem sekitar mangrove. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan serta analisis terlebih dahulu terhadap lokasi tujuan rehabilitasi mangrove agar untuk terbentuknya hutan mangrove rehabilitasi yang lebih sesuai dengan biota asosiasi dan ekosistem sekitar yang telah ada sebelumnya.Kata Kunci : Struktur Komunitas, Mangrove, Alami, RehabilitasiAbstract : Rehabilitation of mangrove vegetation was an effort in order to decrease the rate of mangrove ecosystem destruction. This research aimed to determine the vegetation structure and the community status of natural and rehabilitation mangrove forest at South Lombok seashore. This research held on March – June 2019 at two types of mangrove ecosystem such as natural ecosystem at pemongkong, East Lombok and rehabilitation ecosystem at Gerupuk bay, Central Lombok. Data collection used plotted transect method by placed a plot sized 10x 10 m alternately. There are 11 species of mangrove found which belong to 4 families such as Avicenniaceae (Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. lanata), Rhizophoraceae (Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa), Rubiaceae (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae) and Sonneratia (Sonneratia alba, S. casiolaris). Vegetation structure in these 2 location was different based on the composition each vegetation and it proportion. Natural mangrove forest in pemongkong dominated by Sonneratia alba with importance value reached 132,37, meanwhile the rehabilitation area of mangrove ecosystem Gerupuk dominated by Rhizophora apiculata with number of importance value reached 140,5. These differences drove the value of persent of similarity (PS) between these ecosystem only reached 10.41% which categorized as low similarity. Mostly of rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystem conducted cause the alteration of vegetation structure of mangrove in Lombok coastal and affect the mangrove associated fauna and ecosystems. In that case, it really important to analys the condition of mangrove rehabilitation plan location to determine the mangrove species to plant in order to formed a rehabilitiation of mangrove area which more compatible to its associated biota and ecosystems.Keyword : Structure, Mangrove, Natural, Rehabilitation

Pulau Lombok memiliki kawasan hutan mangrove seluas 3.305 ha, 1.643 ha (49,7%) masih dalam kondisi baik dan sisanya 1.662 ha (50,3 %) dalam kondisi rusak. Mangrove sebagai habitat tempat hidup, berlindung, memijah dan penyuplai makanan dapat menunjang kehidupan moluska. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Mei 2018 di wilayah pesisir dan pulau sangat kecil (Gili) di Pulau Lombok dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman moluska pada ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Lombok. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling (pengambilan sampel yang bertujuan). Jumlah induvidu moluska yang didapatkan yaitu 1159 individu yang terdiri atas 42 spesies dari kelas gastropoda dan 5 spesies dari kelas bivalvia. Nilai kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman,indeks keseragaman dan dominasi tertinggi berturut-turut yaitu 74 (ind/m3), 2,4308, 0,8409, 0,4439.

Abstrak: Struktur komunitas moluska di suatu ekosistem mangrove dapat digunakan sebagai indikator status kesehatan ekosistem tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembandingan antara struktur komunitas moluska di ekosistem mangrove alami dan rehabilitasi untuk melihat adanya perbedaan struktur moluska di kedua kondisi ekosistem tersebut. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret - Juni 2019 pada 2 tipe ekosistem mangrove yaitu ekosistem mangrove alami di Pemongkong, Lombok Timur dan ekosistem mangrove rehabilitasi di teluk Gerupuk, Lombok Tengah. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling dengan meletakkan 3 plot berukuran 1x1 m secara acak di dalam plot yang berukuran lebih besar (10x10 m) yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 37 spesies moluska yang termasuk ke dalam 14 famili. 14 spesies ditemukan di kedua lokasi penelitian, 3 spesies hanya ditemukan di kawasan rehabilitasi, dan 20 spesies lainnya hanya ditemukan di kawasan mangrove alami Pemongkong. Ekosistem mangrove alami Pemongkong memiliki kemelimpahan moluska lebih tinggi yakni mencapai 77.692 ind/m2, dibandingkan dengan ekosistem mangrove rehabilitasi yang hanya mencapai 48.746 ind/m2. Famili Potamididae memiliki keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan tertinggi di kedua lokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan proporsi setiap spesies dalam komunitas moluska yang ditemukan, persamaan kedua lokasi penelitian yang ditunjukkan dengan Persent similaritas (PS) tergolong rendah yakni hanya mencapai kemiripan 36,36% .Keanekaragaman vegetasi mangrove, usia vegetasi, serta kondisi lingkungan dapat menjadi faktor yang mendukung perbedaan struktur komunitas moluska tersebut.Kata kunci: Struktur komunits, Moluska, Mangrove, Alami, RehabilitasiAbstract: Mollusks community structure in a mangrove swamp can be used to describe the status of mangrove ecosystem’s health. In this research, the mollusks community ini natural and rehabilitation mangrove ecosystem were compared in order to find the difference between these ecosystems. This research held on March to June 2019 at 2 types of mangrove ecosystem such as natural ecosystem at Pemongkong, East Lombok and rehabilitation ecosystem at Gerupuk bay. Data collection method used purposive random sampling by placed 3 plots sized 1x1 m randomly in a larger plot (10x10 m) which have been determine before. The result showed that there are 37 species of association of mollusks which belong to 14 families. 14 species found in both locations, 3 species only found at rehabilitation ecosystem, and 20 species left only found at natural mangrove ecosystem at Pemongkong. Natural mangrove ecosystem Pemongkong had higher abundance of association mollusks with number of abundance 77.692 ind/m2 against rehabilitation ecosystem which only reached 48.746 ind/m2. Potamididae has the highest diversity and abundance value in both location. The resemblance of these 2 ecosystem based on the proportion of each species in the mollusks community showed by Similarity Presentation categorized as low level which only reach 36,36% of similarity. Mangrove diversity, it’s age, and the environmental condition may caused the difference in those mollusks structure community.Key words: Structur community, Mollusks, Mangrove, Natural, Rehabilitation

Abstract. Suana IW, Ahyadi H, Hadiprayitno G, Amin S, Kalih LATTWS, Sudaryanto FX. 2020. Environment carrying capacity and willingness to pay for bird-watching ecotourism in Kerandangan Natural Park, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2266-2274.  Five trails of interest to bird-watchers and an observation point by the guest house of Kerandangan Natural Park (KNP) have potential to be developed as bird-watching ecotourism packages. In order to develop sustainable bird-watching ecotourism in KNP, we analyzed the environment carrying capacity and willingness to pay (WTP) for bird-watching ecotourism packages. All of the trails and an observation point in KNP were explored to determine the width and length of the trails, the visit time, as well as the soil texture and slope along the trails. Interviews with KNP managers and secondary data from Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Council (BMKG)-Climatology Station Class I-West Lombok were also used to determine the status of biophysical habitats. The environment carrying capacity was calculated by combining the physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity. The results show that environment carrying capacity of bird-watching ecotourism packages in KNP was higher than the actual visitation levels. It indicates that opportunity to develop and increase the number of visitors is considerable. WTP was determined by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with payment card approach. Through the brochure, 150 respondents were given information on bird-watching ecotourism packages, then are offered three options, and only allowed to choose one that can be paid. Data were collected by the incidental sampling method. The results show that the visitors are willing to pay for bird-watching ecotourism packages, with mean WTP of US$ 20.7 per visitor. It implies that they are willing to shoulder the financial support for management and conservation of birds and their habitat in KNP. The findings provide important information for KNP managers for planning and marketing bird-watching ecotourism in KNP.

Insects are the most successful organisms because it can live in almost all types of habitats, namely water (freshwater and sea), land, air, and even in both hot and cold climates. Identification of soil insects in a certain type of habitat requires practical, easy, inexpensive, and efficient collection methods so as to obtain high abundance and diversity of soil insects. This study aims to analyze the diversity and abundance of soil insects using several trapping methods in Jeruk Manis Protected Forest in East Lombok. There are five trapping methods applied in this study; (i) pitfall trap, (ii) pitfall traps with bait, (iii) yellow pan traps, (iv) soil sampling, and (v) forest floor collection. The findings show that the overall diversity of soil insects in Jeruk Manis Protected Forest is moderate (1.44), while its evenness level is low (0.48). Soil sampling method provides diversity value of 2.36 and evenness level of 0.89, which is also the highest one among the other methods. Pitfall traps with bait give high individual number of soil insects (10.577 individuals). The highest number of soil insect orders is obtained through forest floor collection with 11 orders, while the highest number of soil insect families is obtained through pitfall trap with 30 families. The taxa of soil insects with relatively highest abundance consecutively are Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Collembola (Isotomidae, Entomobryidae), Coleoptera (Hydrophilidae, Ptiliidae, Scarabeidae), and Diptera (Drosophilidae).