Background:Recently, emulgel has emerged as a potential hydrophobic drug delivery method. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the phytochemical content of Oryza sativa extract and develop an emulgel formulation using Carbapol 940 as a gelling agent. Materials and Methods: The emulsion was placed in a gel basis after preparation and the formulations were evaluated for their rheology, pH, spreading coefficient, stability, and sun protection factor. Then, phytochemical analysis of O. sativa extract was used to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids, as well as triterpenoids and steroids. Results: The entire formulations of O. sativa emulgel extract filled the emulgel formulation criteria. Furthermore, O. sativa emulgel protects against UV radiation, as indicated by the SPF value in each formulation, which increases as the dose of O. sativa extract increases. Based on the results, formulations 2 and 3 have an SPF of 5.71±0.063 and 16.07±0.072, respectively. These suggest that they both fill the Indonesian National Standard, which requires a sunscreen preparation with a minimum of four protection. Conclusion: Consequently, O. sativa emulgel extract can serve as a novel sunscreen agent against UV radiation. However, further study is required to ascertain the mechanism of action of the active chemicals found in O. sativa that function as an antioxidant and give protection against UV radiation.
Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit the oxidation of lipids or other molecules by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of chain oxidation reactions. Exogenous antioxidants consist of natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants. Concerns about the side effects of using synthetic antioxidants that can increase carcinogenesis have encouraged the use of natural antioxidants as an alternative source of antioxidants. One source of natural antioxidants can be obtained from plant species that contain antioxidants, namely those from Piper betle L. This literature review article aims to determine the content of Piper betle L. betel leaf as an antioxidant. The literature search process used is Google Scholar, PubMet and Science Direct published in 2011-2021. And the search results found 12 articles with each article stating that Piper betle L. Has antioxidant activity which is included in the category of very strong IC50 values. This is because betel contains quercetin, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, atoxin, eugenol and gallic acid
Tingginya angka kejadian Diabetes Melitus (DM) dapat terus meningkatkan angka kejadian Tuberkulosis (TB), dikarenakan sistem kekebalan tubuh pasien DM yang rendah mempermudah terjadinya TB. Diabetes melitus diperkirakan penyebab 15% kasus tuberkulosis saat ini, karena penyakit diabetes mellitus dapat merusak pertahanan host. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui insidensi TB paru dengan DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Karya Husada Cikampek. Metode penelitian ini adalah deksriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional secara retrospektif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah data sekunder rekam medik pasien TB paru yang menjalani rawat jalan selama bulan Januari-Desember 2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 460 pasien TB paru terdapat 17 pasien TB paru dengan DM Tipe 2. Frekuensi TB paru dengan DM tipe 2 lebih banyak pada kelompok jenis kelamin laki-laki 13 pasien (76,47%), usia non-produktif (45-65 tahun) 14 pasien (82,35%), pendidikan pasien terbanyak pendidikan tinggi (SMK, D3, S1) berjumlah 12 pasien (70,59%), dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah pasien bekerja berjumlah 12 pasien (70,59%). Disimpulkan bahwa insidensi tuberkulosis paru dengan DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Karya Husada Cikampek adalah sebesar 3,69%.
Phytochemical screeningS. cumini extract was screened qualitatively to identify the presence of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, and steroids/triterpenoids. 10
Rumah sakit adalah sarana yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan. Agar tercapai pelayanan yang paripurna di dalam setiap melakukan pelayanan di rumah sakit diharapkan mampu memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal(SPM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pencapaian Standar Pelayanan Minimal(SPM) rumah sakit dengan jenis pelayanan farmasi kategori lama waktu tunggu pelayanan resep rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit ‘X” Karawang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif (penelitian survey) terhadap pasien rawat jalan yang menebus resep di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit ‘X‘ Karawang. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 192 resep dengan 96 resep obat racikan dan 96 resep obat jadi atau non racikan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penghitungan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat jadi dan obat racikan, selanjutnya dianalisis terhadap kesesuaian dengan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) kategori lama waktu tunggu. Hasil peneitian waktu tunggu rata-rata obat racikan pada penelitian ini adalah 71 menit dan obat jadi atau obat non racikan 51 menit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa waktu tunggu rata-rata baik obat jadi maupun obat racikan tidak sesuai dengan standar pelayanan minimal yang dipersyaratkan oleh Kepmenkes No 129/ Menkes/SK/II/2008 tentang pelayanan resep baik obat jadi maupun obat racikan yaitu lama waktu tunggu obat jadi ≤30 menit dan obat racikan ≤60 menit.
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